Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Isotonic

Answer 1

same concentration of particles as plasma

Question 2

Hypotonic

Answer 2

lesser concentration of particles than plasma

Question 3

Hypertonic

Answer 3

greater concentration of particles than plasma

Question 4

What effect does isotonic have on the fluid in the cells?

Answer 4

there is a nice even distribution of water

Question 5

If you have a dehydrated cell what kind of fluid would you give?

Answer 5

a hypotonic solution

Question 6

If you have cells with edema what kind of solution would you give?

Answer 6

a hypertonic solution

Question 7

What is the normal lab value of sodium?

Answer 7

134 - 145 mEq/L

Question 8

What is the normal lab value of calcium serum?

Answer 8

8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL

Question 9

What is the normal lab value of ionized calcium?

Answer 9

4.5 - 5.1 mg/dL

Question 10

What is the normal lab value of potassium?

Answer 10

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Question 11

What is the normal lab value of magnesium?

Answer 11

1.3 - 2.3 mEq/L

Question 12

What is the normal lab value of chloride?

Answer 12

97 - 107 mEq/L

Question 13

What is the normal lab value of phosphate?

Answer 13

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL

Question 14

What is the normal lab value of bicarbonate?

Answer 14

22 - 29 mEq/L

Question 15

What electrolyte controls and regulates volume of body fluids?

Answer 15

Sodium

Question 16

What electrolyte involves nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and B12 absorption?

Answer 16

Calcium

Question 17

What electrolyte is the chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content?

Answer 17

Potassium

Question 18

What electrolyte involves metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins and vital actions involving enzymes?

Answer 18

Magnesium

Question 19

What electrolyte maintains osmotic pressure in blood and produces hydrochloric acid?

Answer 19

Chloride

Question 20

What electrolyte is involved in important chemical reactions in the body, cell division, and hereditary traits?

Answer 20

Phosphate

Question 21

What electrolyte is the body’s primary buffer system?

Answer 21

Bicarbonate

Question 22

What is calcium serum?

Answer 22

The total amount of calcium circulating in the blood

Question 23

What is ionized calcium?

Answer 23

The calcium that is not attached to proteins and is free to be used by the body

Question 24

Hypovolemia

Answer 24

A deficiency in the amount of water and electrolytes in ECF with near-normal water to electrolyte proportions. In other waters you are losing equal amounts of water and electrolytes at the same time.

Question 25

Hypovolemia is also known as?

Answer 25

Fluid deficit

Question 26

What are the assessments for hypovolemia?

Answer 26

- assess muscle strength - assess skin for color and moisture - take vital signs for respirations

Question 27

What are the signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

Answer 27

- decreased or no urine output - weakness - skin is pallor, cold, or clammy - rapid breathing - anxiety of confusion

Question 28

What are the common causes of hypovolemia?

Answer 28

- hemorrhage (internal or external wounds) - persistent vomiting or diarrhea - dehydration and malnutrition

Question 29

Hypervolemia

Answer 29

An excessive retention of water and sodium in ECF/vascular space. We are holding on to fluid.

Question 30

Hypervolemia is also known as?

Answer 30

Fluid excess

Question 31

What are the assessments for hypervolemia?

Answer 31

- inspect and palpate for edema - take vital signs for respirations and BP

Question 32

What are some signs and symptoms for hypervolemia?

Answer 32

- rapid weight gain - edema - shortness of breath - high blood pressure

Question 33

What are the common causes of hypervolemia?

Answer 33

- CHF - kidney failure - liver failure - IV fluids

Question 34

What is third-space fluid shift?

Answer 34

a shift of body fluid into potential body spaces

Question 35

What is interstitial-to-plasma shift?

Answer 35

movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood

Question 36

Hyponatremia

Answer 36

decreased or low levels of sodium in the blood

Question 37

What is the lab value of hyponatremia?

Answer 37

blood sodium less than 135 mEq/L

Question 38

What is happening in the body during hyponatremia?

Answer 38

fluid moves from ECF (vascular space) to the ICF (cellular space)

Question 39

What are the assessments for hyponatremia?

Answer 39

- vital signs of BP - neuroligical assessment - inspect and palpate for edema - inspect skin for dryness

Question 40

What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

Answer 40

- confusion - hypertension - edema - muscle cramps - weakness - dry skin - seizures

Question 41

What are the common causes of hyponatremia?

Answer 41

- sweat (diaphoresis) - diuretics - vomiting - diarrhea