Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance Flashcards
(15 cards)
Why does our body need Magnesium?
Bone Formation, Nerve Conduction, Smooth Muscle Relaxation, Protein Synthesis, Enzyme Activity, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Cell Membrane Transportation
Manifestations of Hypermagnesemia
Hypotension, Facial Flushing, Muscle Weakness, Absent Deep Tendon Reflexes, Paralysis, Shallow Respirations
Causes: Chronic Kidney Disease, Excessive Mg+ Administration
Manifestations of Hypomagnesemia
Weakness, Irritability, Tetany, EKG changes, delirium, and convultions.
Causes: Malnourishment
Phosphorus
Muscle Contraction
Hypophosphatemia
Muscles are too relaxed
Weakness
Respiratory Failure
Hyperphosphatemia
Muscles excited
Tetany
Cause: Renal Failure
Potassium
Intracellular Excitability
Cardiac Sensitive: Arrhythmias
Small ECF Amount 3.5-5
Hypokalemia
Intracellular cells will not be excited= numbness (paresthesias), decreased excitement of cardiac tissue.
T-wave Flattened (represents recovery of ventricals, so no repolarization is happening when not enough K+ is present.
Hyperkalemia
Paralysis (very excited intracellular)
Tall Peaked T-waves (Crazy repolarization- arrhthmias)
Calcium
Bones
Cellular Excitability
8.5-10.5
50% of calcium are bound to protein. Albumin is the top source of protein in body
Hypocalcemia
Malnourished person has low protein levels and so calcium can’t bind = low calcium levels Or people with liver problems because proteins are synthesized in the liver.
Excess muscle contraction diarrhea QT prolongation muscle spasms tetany Trousseau Sign- (if you inflate bp cuff, hand will curl up)
Hypercalcemia
Decreased Muscle Contraction
Constipation
QT shortening
Sodium
135-145
Extracellular Excitability
Sensitive to Fluid Balances
Hyponatremia
Muscle Cramps
Confusion
Weakness
Hypernatremia
Thirst
Dry, flushed skin
