Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the normal range for serum sodium levels?
135-145 mEq/L
Which hormone regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the normal range for serum potassium levels?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias?
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)
What is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?
Sodium
Which condition can cause hypernatremia?
Excessive sweating
What is the primary anion in the extracellular fluid?
Chloride
Which electrolyte imbalance can cause muscle twitching, numbness, and tingling?
Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels)
What is the normal range for serum calcium levels?
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to confusion, lethargy, and seizures?
Hyponatremia (low sodium levels)
What is the normal range for serum magnesium levels?
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Which hormone regulates serum calcium levels by acting on the bones, kidneys, and intestines?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, and constipation?
Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)
What is the normal range for serum phosphate levels?
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Which condition can cause hypomagnesemia?
Alcoholism
What is the normal range for serum chloride levels?
98-106 mEq/L
Which electrolyte imbalance can cause cardiac arrest, muscle weakness, and respiratory failure?
Hypophosphatemia (low phosphate levels)
What is the primary cation in the intracellular fluid?
Potassium
Which condition can cause hypermagnesemia?
Renal failure
What is the normal range for serum bicarbonate levels?
22-26 mEq/L
Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to tetany, paresthesias, and seizures?
Hypochloremia (low chloride levels)
What is the normal range for serum creatinine levels?
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Which condition can cause hyperphosphatemia?
Chronic kidney disease
