FLUID/ELECTROLYTES Flashcards
(39 cards)
volume contraction
decrease in total body water
volume expansion
increase in total body water
examples of colloid solutions
albumin, RBC, FFP
how much of a crystalloid solution is required to place 1 mL of blood?
3 mL
True or False : crystalloid IV solutions cannot carry oxygen
true
True or False : tonicity does not apply to colloid solutions
true
what is preferred for burn patients, LR or Normal saline?
LR
When is D5W considered isotonic?
only in the bag. once given it is hypotonic
Who ideally should not receive LR?
people who cannot handle sudden fluid shifts at that time/tolerate hypotonic fluids
(ex: increased ICP)
drugs to not give with LR
nitroglycerin
nitroprusside
norepinephrine
propranolol
methyl prednisone infusions
True or False: you should always run blood with LR.
False. Use only normal saline with blood products.
third spacing
abnormal shift into serous linings
Who would we give 1/2 normal saline to?
someone who has normal sodium levels but still requires fluid replacement
loss of sodium exceeds loss of water
hypotonic contraction
causes of hypotonic contraction
excessive loss of sodium through kidney
(diuretics, renal insufficiency, lack of aldosterone)
Hypotonic contraction treatment
mild- infuse isotonic sodium chloride
severe- hypertonic solution (3% NaCl)
respiratory alkalosis treatment
mild: none needed
severe: rebreathe CO2-laden expired breath
respiratory acidosis treatment
correction of respiratory impairment
infuse sodium bicarbonate if severe
metabolic alkalosis treatment
a solution of sodium chloride plus potassium chloride facilitates renal excretion of bicarbonate
metabolic acidosis treatment
correction of underlying cause
alkalinizing salt if severe (sodium bicarbonate)
normal potassium value
3.5-5
potassium roles
conduction of nerve impulses
maintains electrical excitability of muscle
regulates acid-base balance
most common causes of hypokalemia
treatment with thiazide or loop diuretics
excessive insulin
adverse effects of hypokalemia
muscle weakness/paralysis
dysrhythmias
digoxin toxicity
HTN/stroke
