FLUID & ELECTROLYTES Flashcards
(34 cards)
When do you evaluate electrolytes?
illness, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, use of diuretics, TPN therapy
What are serum osmolality tests used for?
to determine the number of solutes present in the blood (serum).
What happens to osmolality if over hydrated? dehydrated?
over- osmolality decreases
dehydrated - osmolality increases
normal labs for urine specific gravity
1.010-1.030
normal labs for BUN
10-20
normal labs for creatinine
0.5-1.2
If urine specific gravity is increased, what is suspected? decreased?
increased: fluid deficit, dehydration
decreased: well hydrated, fluid excess
How much estimated insensible loss do patients lose a day?
600 mL
What is euvolemia?
normal amount of blood and fluids in body
Output>Input = ?
deficit
Input>output = ?
fluid overload
What do daily weights tell us?
indicative of a problem or effectiveness of therapy
HEART FAILURE MANAGEMENT
What is the definition of edema?
collection of excess fluid in the interstitial space
What are the causes of edema?
fluid volume overload
severe protein malnourishment
trauma, infection, vascular impairments
Edema Scale 0+-4+
0 - none
1 - 2mm
2 - 4 mm
3 - 6 mm
4 - 8 mm
Factors that influence fluid and electrolyte balance
age, environmental temperature, diet stress, illness, medical treatment, medications, surgery
What is fluid homeostasis based on?
fluid intake and absorption, fluid distribution, fluid output
What is an extracellular fluid volume deficit?
occurs when there is too little sonic fluid in the extracellular compartment
What is hypovolemia?
means decreased vascular volume and is often used interchangeably with FVD
What is clinical dehydration?
occurs when there is an ECF volume deficit in combination with hypernatremia
When does extracellular fluid volume occur?
when there is too much isotonic fluid in the extracellular compartment
What is hypervolemia?
increased vascular volume and is often used interchangeably with FVE
Causes of fluid volume deficit
vomiting, diarrhea, fever, infection, excessive sweating, heat-related illness, excessive urination, blood loss, burns, inadequate fluid intake
causes of fluid volume excess
water intoxication, too rapid/large infusions, HF, cirrhosis, kidney failure, nephrotic syndrome
