Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards
(15 cards)
What percentage of total body weight does water make up for younger adults?
55% to 60%
What percentage of total body weight does water constitute for older adults?
50% to 55%
When should adults increase their fluid intake?
When exercising, in hot or dry environments, during conditions that increase metabolism
How can patients determine the electrolyte content of processed foods?
By reading labels
Who is at risk for electrolyte imbalance?
All adults who are ill
Why are older adults at increased risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
Due to age-related organ changes
What types of drugs should patients be asked about that may alter fluid and electrolyte balance?
Diuretics, laxatives, salt substitutes, antihypertensives
What should caregivers of older adults with cognitive impairments do regarding fluid intake?
Schedule offerings of fluids at regular intervals throughout the day
What is the obligatory urine output needed to excrete toxic waste products?
400 to 600 mL
What should be monitored frequently when patients with dehydration receive IV fluid replacement therapy?
Cardiac and pulmonary status
How often should the IV site be assessed in an adult receiving IV solutions containing potassium?
Hourly
What is the best indicator of fluid retention and overload?
Rapid weight gain
What should all patients with hyperkalemia be assessed for?
Cardiac dysrhythmias and ECG abnormalities
What specific ECG abnormalities should be looked for in patients with hyperkalemia?
Tall T-waves, conduction delays, heart block
Who should be collaborated with to teach patients about potassium, sodium, or calcium restricted diets?
Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)
