Fluid/Electrolytes Flashcards

Question

Preventive measures for Embolism

Answer 1

``` Infuse blood or plasma through appropriate filter Avoid veins in lower extremities DO NOT FORCEFULLY FLUSH IVs Reconstitute drugs completely Avoid particulate matter Use filter needle ```

Answer 2

Definition: IV fluids administered too rapidly cause an increase in venous pressure which can cause cardiac dilation and result in pulmonary edema

Answer 3

``` Venous distention- engorged neck veins Dyspnea Increased resp, pulse, and BP Air hunger Extreme anxiety ```

Answer 4

🔷 Slow infusion to KVO Elevate head of bed Notify physician Potential orders: admin of oxygen, IV Lasix

Answer 5

Definition: air has entered the systemic circulation. This maybe fatal if the pulmonary capillaries are blocked

Answer 6

Sudden vascular collapse Weak rapid pulse Decreased BP Loss of consciousness

Answer 7

All connections of the infusion set must be secure Do not allow a vented container to run dry Change IV fluid when approximately 100 mL remain in the container

Answer 8

Prime all tubing prior to admin REMOVE SOURCE OF AIR ENTRY 🔷Turn client on LEFT side with head down The best treatment is prevention

Answer 9

Definition: occurs when substances, especially medications, are introduced into the circulation too rapidly

Answer 10

Syncope Shock Cardiac arrest

Answer 11

Utilize reduced size of drop for certain medication Utilize electronic control devices Infuse medication at prescribed rate Monitor rates frequently

Answer 12

Definition: an invasion of microorganisms into the blood stream

Answer 13

``` Avoid touch contamination Change solutions every 24 hours Change cathlon every 72-96 hours Change tubing every 24-72 hours Utilize only sterile solutions Monitor client for signs and symptoms of infection ```

Answer 14

``` Fluid replacement Oxygenation Nutritional support Aggressive antibiotic therapy Maintenance of acid base balance ```

Answer 15

10% loss of body fluid in adults is serious 20% loss of body fluid in an adult is fatal

Answer 16

Can be measured Examples: urination, emesis, blood, diarrhea

Answer 17

Unable to be measured Examples: sweat, expiration

Answer 18

1. Gender : men have more water content, more lean muscle. women have more fat content, less water 2. Age 3. Lean body mass - obese at risk for fluid imbalance

Answer 19

🔹Body Weight One liter of fluid weighs approx. 1 Kg or 2.2 lbs Clients should be weighed at the same time(before breakfast after urination), same clothes, same scale

Answer 20

"Against urine formation" Causes a decrease in the production of urine which results in reabsorption of water via the kidneys The stimulus for ADH secretion is an increase in blood osmolarity(concentration)

Answer 21

🔷acts as a volume regulator Stimulated by a decrease in plasma volume or a decrease in serum sodium Causes excretion of K and reabsorption of Na Sodium absorption results in water reabsorption- "water follows salt"

Answer 22

Potassium - 3.5 - 5.0 Sodium 135 - 145

Answer 23

``` Regulates metabolic activities Important for nerve conduction Important for muscle contraction 🔸smooth muscle 🔸skeletal muscle 🔸cardiac muscle ```

Answer 24

``` Bananas Oranges Baked potatoes Spinach Chocolate Coffee Dried fruits: apricots, raisins, dates Cantaloupe ```

Answer 25

Must be diluted- 1meq/10ml Must be administered via IV pump/controller Give at rate 5-10meq/hour Patient must have adequate renal function Monitor cardiac function and labs NEVER GIVE IV PUSH!!

Answer 26

> 5.0 meq/dL Manifestations: EKG changes, muscle weakness, diarrhea, paresthesia Causes: renal failure, K conserving diuretics, aged bloods Treatment: monitor labs and cardiac status, avoid foods high in K, Kayexalate, insulin/glucose, (D5W), IV lasix

Answer 27

Helps to maintain fluid balance Important for nerve transmission WATER FOLLOWS SODIUM

Answer 28

``` Bacon Lunch meat Cheese Canned soup Snack foods Condiments ```

Answer 29

> 145 meq/dL *too much salt, not enough water* - cells are shriveled and dry Manifestations: Thirst, ^ Temp, dry mouth, restlessness, weakness, altered level of consciousness, seizures Causes: water deprivation, excessive Na intake or water loss, severe diarrhea (pt. immobile, can't communicate needs, prolonged NPO) Treatment: low sodium diet, monitor intake and output, diuretics as indicated, hypotonic IV fluids *D51/2NS--slow and safe (gerians)

Answer 30

Skin is flushed Agitation Low grade temp Thirst

Fluid/Electrolytes Flashcards

(54 cards)