Fluid & Electrolytes

Question 1

Adult body weight is __% water

Answer 1

60

Question 2

Older adult is ____ -____% water

Answer 2

45-55

Question 3

Do women have a greater or smaller percentage of water?

Answer 3

Smaller due to fat

Question 4

Infant body water

Answer 4

70-80%

Question 5

Fluid compartments (body fluid breakdown

Answer 5

Intracellular - 70%

Extracellular - 30%

Question 6

Extracellular fluid breakdown

Answer 6

Interstitial - 75%
Intravascular 25%
Transcellular fluids (CSF, intraocular fluid, GI tract secretions, pleural fluid)

Question 7

Plasma is ____ % of body weight

Answer 7

5%

Question 8

Why do you have more intracellular fluid as you get older?

Answer 8

Because you have more cells

Question 9

Functions of body water

Answer 9

Provides form 
Maintains heat balance
Transports food & electrolytes 
Allows electrolytes to ionize
Transports gases and wastes
Medium for chemical reactions 
Lubricant
Shock absorber

Question 10

What is the best way to prevent post-op complications?

Answer 10

Early and frequent ambulation

Question 11

What is the best way to assess fluid balance in an adult?

A child?

Answer 11

Daily weight

Specific gravity

Question 12

Insensible fluid loss

Answer 12

Cannot measure (skin, sweat, feces, lungs) 
*Person with increased temp and frequent respirations may be losing more fluid

Question 13

Normal daily I&O

Answer 13

2000-2500 mL

Question 14

Intake includes

Answer 14

Liquid
Food
Oxidation of food

Question 15

Output includes

Answer 15

Lungs
Skin
Urine
Feces

Question 16

Drinking allowance for end-stage renal failure

Answer 16

Amount of elimination (probably low) + 500mL insensible loss
(do not give to them all at once)

Question 17

1st spacing

Answer 17

Where fluid should be

Question 18

2nd spacing

Answer 18

Excess fluid where it should be (edema)

Question 19

3rd spacing

Answer 19

Fluid where it does not belong

pleural effusion, cardiac tamponnade/ effusion, ascites

Question 20

1L = __ kg

Answer 20

1

Question 21

Normal specific gravity

Answer 21

1.010-1.030

Distilled water-1

Question 22

Specific gravity of 1.4

Answer 22

Dehydrated

Question 23

Electrolyte: Regulation of water distribution

Answer 23

Sodium

Question 24

Electrolyte: transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 24

Calcium, sodium and potassium

Question 25

Electrolyte: contraction of muscle

Answer 25

Calcium

Question 26

Electrolyte: Generation of ATP

Answer 26

Phosphorus

Question 27

Electrolyte: clotting of blood

Answer 27

Calcium

Question 28

Osmosis: Diabetes

Answer 28

High blood sugar causes fluid to come out of the cells --> Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia

Question 29

Colloidal osmotic pressure is the ______ of water

Answer 29

Pulling

Question 30

Oncotic pressure is important at the ______ level

Answer 30

Capillary

Question 31

Osmolality is used typically to...

Answer 31

Evaluate the concentration of plasma and urine

Question 32

Osmolarity is typically used...

Answer 32

In reference to fluids outside the body

Question 33

Contributors to osmolality

Answer 33

Na+ Glucose Urea

Question 34

What organ maintains osmolality?

Answer 34

Kidneys