Fluid Therapy Flashcards
(27 cards)
Why is fluid therapy used
To correct dehydration Acid base Imbalances Electrolyte disturbances Shock Hemorrhage Hypotension Blood pressure Eliminate toxins Kidney disease
Per os (PO)
By mouth
Method closest to nature
Takes time for absorption of fluids
Works up to mild dehydration
Patient must be conscious
Patient cannot have: vomiting, diarrhea, colic, GI obstruction
Majority of water absorption occurs in the colon, so what method is most beneficial
Enemas
Intravenous fluid therapy
Fastest route of delivery
Can give large amounts over a long period of time
Severely dehydrated, markedly or in shock
Preferred if patient is hypotensive
When recording IV fluid administration, you must enter the following
Time of placement Location Size of catheter Type of fluid Fluid rate Start and stop time Total volume infused Record periodic checks
Limitations to IV fluids
In the patient has bad blood pressure, vasoconstriction, small patients, aggressive patients
Subcutaneous fluid therapy
Best in cats
Limited volume per site
Slow absorption
Can cause pain and tearing (avulsion)
Advantages of SQ fluid therapy
Easy
Can go home and owners can do it
Cheap
Standard SQ fluid volume in cats
100ml/cat/day
Intraosseous fluid therapy
Given by injecting into the medullary canal of a large bone
Used in neonates and exotics for large volume
Common place: femur
Should sedate
Routes of delivery: IR
Intra-rectal
Routes of delivery: IA
Intra-arterial
Routes of delivery: IT
Intra-tracheal
Routes of delivery: IN
Intranasal
Routes of delivery: transmucosal
Given to a mucosal surface and absorbed via the mucosal surface
True or false
Animals with renal disease have a lower fluid tolerance
True
They are at higher risk for over hydration
What is the best way to measure on going hydration status
Weight patient daily
True or false
0.9% NaCl saline is most common
True
Crystalloid fluids
Most common
Made of small ions that can move in and out of body membranes
Three categories to crystalloid solutions
0.9% NaCl (physiological saline)
Balanced solutions
Hypertonic saline -increase osmotic pressure
Replacement solutions are the number one choice for
Restoring normovolemia
Maintenance solutions are the number one choice for
Maintaining hydration (when patient is not dehydrated)
Hypertonic solutions are used for
Severe/emergency hypotension
Colloid solutions
Mimics albumin
Used in low blood pressure situations (draws in water)
Contains large molecules that’s stay in blood to draw in water
