Fluids

Question 1

Water

Answer 1

-largest single component of the body
-approximately 60% of total body weight

Question 2

Intracellular fluid

Answer 2

Fluid that’s within our cells

Question 3

Extracellular fluid

Answer 3

Includes intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid

Question 4

Intravascular fluid

Answer 4

Fluid that is extracellular fluid that is in between cells

Question 5

Interstitial fluid

Answer 5

Extracellular fluid in blood and lymph

Question 6

Functions of water

Answer 6

1. Solvent for chemical reactions
2. Absorption and transport of nutrients
3. Needed/participants in chemical reactions
4. Temperature regulation (body temperature)
5. Excretion of waste products
6. Lubricant
7. Buffet for physical shock

Question 7

Maintenance of water balance losses

Answer 7

-Water gets into body in 2 ways: 90% of water comes into body through foods and beverages & 10% of water cones through metabolic reaction within the body
-Dietary intake must balance losses

Question 8

Water leaves our body in 4 ways

Answer 8

1. Urine
2. Feces
3. Sweat
4. Insensible losses (water we cannot sense is loosing ex: water that is lost through the skin when not sweating)

Question 9

IOM recommendations

Answer 9

Women ~11 cups of water
Men ~16 cups of water
- loss of water through foods and beverages alone

Question 10

What happens when water intake does not match water loss?

Answer 10

Dehydration

Question 11

Dehydration can lead to:

Answer 11

-thirst/dry mouth
-cramping
-low blood pressure
-convulsion
-fainting
-rapid pulse
-decreased mental and physical functioning
-kidney stones
-UTI
-coma
-gallstones

Question 12

Excess water

Answer 12

-water intoxication occurs when too much plain water floods the body’s fluids and disrupts their normal composition
-hyponatemia- low sodium in the blood can be fatal

Question 13

Safety of drinking water

Answer 13

• hard water- water from a faucet
  -soft faucet- water that is treated through water softening, usually has some source of sodium that replaces other minerals
  -Contaminants ie. chlorination
  -A lot of bottled water is just tapwater that has been put in bottles
  -Bottled water is no safer than tapwater

Question 14

Factors that increase fluid loss/needs

Answer 14

1. exercise- During exercise you sweat and will need more fluid to account for sweat
2. Fever- With a higher body temp you lose more fluid through the skin
3. Excessive urine losses/diarrhea
4. Hot or humid climates- can cause excess sweat loss
5. High protein diet- if you eat a lot of protein then you have to excrete excess nitrogen through urine, need to drink more water to consummate for the excess of urine loss