Fluids

Question 1

what is the minimum normally acceptable urine output

Answer 1

0.5ml/kg/hour

Question 2

what type of surgery is commonly associated with third space fluid loss

Answer 2

bowel

Question 3

clinical signs of dehydration

Answer 3

dry mouth
cold peripheries
loss of skin elasticity
late: tachycardia, hypotension

Question 4

what blood tests are useful in diagnosing dehydration

Answer 4

urea + creatinine (raised)

Question 5

daily maintenance requirement of sodium + potassium

Answer 5

1 mmol/kg of Potassium

2 mmol/kg of Sodium

Question 6

what is in 0.9% saline

Answer 6

sodium + chloride

Question 7

what is saline good for

Answer 7

resuscitation + fluid maintenance

Question 8

why do you need to be wary of using large quantities of saline

Answer 8

risk of hypernatraemia + metabolic acidosis

Question 9

which fluid replacement therapy contains potassium

Answer 9

Hartmanns

Question 10

what are the components of fluid in the body

Answer 10

Intracellular fluid (2/3rds body water)
Extracellular fluid (1/3rd body water)

Question 11

what are the two components of extracellular fluid

Answer 11

plasma

interstitial

Question 12

what things deplete extracellular fluid volume

Answer 12

D+V
Burns
Pancreatitis

Question 13

what fluid replacement therapy is good for extracellular fluid loss

Answer 13

Hartmanns

Question 14

what fluid is prescribed for acutely unwell patients

Answer 14

saline

- 250 - 500 mls then reassess