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NSG 121 > fluids and electrolytes > Flashcards

fluids and electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

internal stability despite environmental changes

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

fluid out side of cell

A

extracellular fluid

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3
Q

fluid inside the cell

A

intracellular fluid

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4
Q

2 ecf

A

interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid

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5
Q

fluid surrounding cells in tissues

A

interstitial fluid

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6
Q

plasma and fluid in blood vessels

A

inter vascular fluid

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

molecules and solvent move across a semi permeable membrane, low concentration to high concentration

A

osmosis

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9
Q

dilution of a solution

A

osmolarity

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10
Q

mass of a solvent

A

osmolality

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11
Q

LARGE molecules, intravascular space LONGER

A

coLLoids

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12
Q

Small CRYSTALS, immediate fluid replacement (Iso/hyper/hypotonic solutions)

A

CRYSTALloids

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13
Q

0.9%NaCl
Lactated ringers
5% dextrose in water (D5W)

A

Isotonic fluid

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14
Q

3-5%NaCl
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)

A

hypertonic

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15
Q

0.45%NaCl

A

hypotonic

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16
Q

used for:
hyponatremia
metabolic alkalosis

A

hypertonic fluid

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17
Q

used for:
fluid matenince
blood loss
dehydration
DKA

A

isotonic fluid

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18
Q

used for:
hypernatremia
kidneys excrete fluid

A

hypotonic fluid

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19
Q

salt<water
causes cells to swell
Out of vessel intO cell

A

hypOtOnic

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20
Q

salt=water
cell stays same
stays where I put It

A

Isotonic

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21
Q

salt>water
cells shrink
EntErs the vessel from cell

A

hypErtonic

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22
Q

potassium(K)
magnesium(Mg)
phosphorus(Po4)

A

ICF

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23
Q

sodium(Na)
calcium(Ca)
chloride(Cl)

A

ECF

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24
Q

low volume in blood
incr. HR
dear. BP
decr. urine
dry mucous membranes

A

hypovolemia

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25
high volume in blood incr. HR incr. BP incr. urine cradles
hypervolemia
26
most abundant ECF electrolyte maintains fluid balance
Sodium
27
levels<135mEq/L S(stupor) A(anorexia) L(lethargic) T(tachycardia) L(limp muscle) O(orthostatic hypertension) S(seizures) S(stomach cramping)
hyponatremia
28
levels>145mEq/L F(flushed) R(restlessness) I(irritability) E(edema) D(decr. urine output) S(skin flushed) A(agitation) L(low-grade fever) T(shirts)
hypernatremia
29
causes of hypernatremia
M(meds) O(osmotic diuretics) D(diabetes) E(excessive H2O loss) L(low H2O intake)
30
causes of hyponatremia
GI suctioning diarrhea N/V fluid shift diuretics inadequate salt intake
31
where salt goes
water follows
32
2 types of hyponatremia
hyponatremia hypovolemia hyponatremia hypervolemia
33
incr. fluid decr. sodium
hyponatremia hypervolemia
34
decr. fluid decr. sodium
hyponatremia hypovolemia
35
foods high in sodium
pork pickles canned food dried fruit bread sardines
36
most abundant ICF regulated by aldosterone necessary for cardiac function
potassium
37
levels<3.5mEq/L S(skeletal muscle weak) U(u wave depressed) C(constipation) T(toxicity) I(irregular pulse) O(orthostatic hypotension) N(numbness)
hypokalemia
38
level>5.0mEq/L M(muscle cramp) U(urine abnormal) R(respiratory distress) D(decr. cardiac contractibility) E(ekg changes) R(reflexes)
hyperkalemia
39
causes of hypokalemia
Ng suctioning N/V meds respiratory alkalosis
40
causes of hyperkalemia
F(failure renal) R(rhabdomyolysis) A(Addisons) M(metabolic acidosis) E(excess meds) S(spironolactone diuretics)
41
ECF circulates in blood stream bones, teeth, muscle regulated by PTH
calcium
42
levels<8.9mg.dL C(convulsions) A(arrhythmias) T(tetany) S(spasm)
hypocalcemia
43
levels>10.1mg/dL B(bone pain) A(arrhythmias) C(cardiac arrest) K(kidney stones) M(muscle weak) E(excessive urination)
hypercalcemia
44
carpal spasm due to inflation of blood pressure cuff
positive trousseau's
45
contraction of facial muscles when facial nerve is tapped (cheeky smile)
chvostek's sign
46
causes of hypercalcemia
Diuretics Drainage Diarrhea
47
causes of hypocalcemia
diuretics ACE inhibitor kidney disease hyperparathyroidism PTH
48
ICF function of cardiac, nerve, muscle, and immune goes together with ca+
magnesium
49
levels<1.5 not sedated everything incr.
hypomagnesemia
50
levels>2.6 sedated everything decr. coma
hypermagnesemia
51
Mg emergent
D5W 1-2g in 2 min (push)
52
Mg non emergent
D5W 1-2g in 2hr (pump)
53
dehydration in chloride
hyperchloremia
54
hypotension in chloride
hypochloremia
55
Cl- (ECF) is besties with who
Na+
56
phosphate(ICF), fluid loss or anything contributing to it
hypophosphatemia
57
3 types of diuretics
Loop Thiazide Spironolactone
58
Potassium wasting (losing) hypokalemia
loop
59
potassium wasting (throwing away) hypokalemia
thiazide
60
potassium Sparing hyperkalemia
spironolactone
61
example of loop diuretic
furosemide (lasix)
62
example of thiazide diuretic
HCTZ (hydrochlorothalside) (Controls BP)
63
excessive fluid volume integumentary
edema skin tight shiny
64
excessive fluid volume vitals
incr. bp incr. hr incr. rr decr. O2 stats
65
excessive fluid volume weight
gain more than 1 kilo (5lbs) in 24 hr
66
excessive fluid volume neurological
headache
67
excessive fluid volume cardiac
bounding pulse S3 jugular distended vein (JDV)
68
excessive fluid volume respiratory
wet cough crackles SOB incr. rr pink frothy sputum
69
excessive fluid volume gastrointestinal
70
excessive fluid volume urinary
decr urination (<30ml/hr) dilute or concentrated
71
deficient fluid volume integumentary
tenting dry skin dry sticky mucous membrane
72
deficient fluid volume weight
lose more than 1 kilo (5lbs) in 24 hr
73
deficient fluid volume vitals
decr. bp incr. hr (trying to push fluids)
74
deficient fluid volume neurological
headache confusion dizzy r/f weak
75
deficient fluid volume cardiac
weak thread pulse decr capillary refill
76
deficient fluid volume respiratory
SOB
77
deficient fluid volume gastrointestinal
constipation
78
deficient fluid volume urinary
dark concentrated urine specific gravity
79
D5W
don't give to diabetics starts of iso catalyses loses water D5 and hypo

NSG 121 (6 decks)

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