Fluids, RAAS, capillary membranes and ADH

Question 1

Capillary membrane: albumin (which pressure does it influence?)

Answer 1

• protein in blood that puts fluid back into the circulatory system
• Induces oncotic pressure to keep fluid from leaving or leaking out blood

Question 2

Capillary membranes: oncotic pressure

Answer 2

pressure: a form of osmotic pressure and push fluid back into blood capillaries
- Draw fluid from interstitial fluid back into the circulatory system

Question 3

Capillary membranes: Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 3

• exert pressure on membrane allowing fluid to exit out into interstitial space (out of the blood into interstitial space) ➡ forces fluid out of the capillary
• Excess fluid in interstitial space = edema

Question 4

The main difference between ADH and RAAS

Answer 4

ADH: makes tubules more permeable to water increase absorption of water

RAAS: makes tubules more permeable to sodium ions increasing water absorption by creating an osmotic pressure

Question 5

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (what it does and general mechanism of action)

Answer 5

• regulator of blood volume and systemic vascular resistance
• elevate arterial pressure in response to decreased renal blood pressure, decreased salt delivery
  1. Angiostention enter from liver
  2. renin from kidneys enter
  3. Creastestion angiotensin I
  4. ACE comes in
  5. Angiotensin II leaves and constricts blood vessels
  
  • Acts on adrenal gland from stimulating the release of
    aldosterone
  • constricts blood vessels and acts on smooth muscle
    
    6. Aldosterone come in and stimulates Na+ reabsorption and water in the kidneys

Question 6

ADH what does it do and mechanism of action

Answer 6

• promote reabsorption of water in the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney
• body wants to increase water reabsorption to increase circulating blood volume and BP

Question 7

Hypotonic fluid

- mechanism and example

Answer 7

• lower osmolarity to blood plasma
• fluids move out of the vascular space into the cell to dilute electrolytes (cells swell), rehydrate cells, fluid out of vascular system out into interstitial space
• ½ normal saline

Question 8

Hypertonic fluid

- mechanism and example

Answer 8

• has higher osmolarity to blood plasma
• pulls fluid from cells and interstitial fluid into the vascular space, cells shrink, higher Na+, if low Na+ fluid out into the bloodstream and vascular space and shrinks swollen/enlarged cells
• 3% hypertonic saline

Question 9

Albumin ( two types)

Answer 9

5% = plasma osmolarity

25% pulls fluid into the bloodstream through increasing oncotic pressures (fluid back into circulation)

Question 10

Isotonic fluids

- mechanism and example

Answer 10

• has the same osmolarity as blood plasma
• L.R., and normal saline
• No fluid shift, cells stay the same size and enter and exit in equal distribution

Question 11

ADH what does it do and mechanism of action

Answer 11

• promote reabsorption of water in the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney
• body wants to increase water reabsorption to increase circulating blood volume and BP