Fluids unit test

Question 1

What are fluids?

Answer 1

Materials that have no fixed shape and are free to flow, such as liquids and gases

Question 2

What is the particle theory of matter?

Answer 2

A theory that explains what matter is made of and how it behaves

Question 3

What is Laminar flow?

Answer 3

smooth and regular

Question 4

`What is turbulent flow?

Answer 4

Choppy and regular

Question 5

What is an eddy?

Answer 5

A circular movement of water, counter to a main current, causing a small whirlpool.

Question 6

What does something being streamlined mean?

Answer 6

Design or provide with a form that presents very little resistance to a flow of air or water, increasing speed and ease of movement

Question 7

What is flow rate?

Answer 7

A measure of how quickly fluids move; it is measured in a volume per unit time

Question 8

What is viscosity

Answer 8

The state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction

Question 9

What is cohesion

Answer 9

The action or fact of forming a united whole

Question 10

What is adhesion

Answer 10

The action or process of sticking to a surface or object

Question 11

What is surface tension

Answer 11

The tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area

Question 12

What is the formulas for density?

Answer 12

M = V x D
D = M/V
V = M/D

Question 13

What is fluid mechanics

Answer 13

The study of fluids and how they behave when at rest and when moving

Question 14

What is fluid dynamics

Answer 14

A part of the study of fluid mechanics concerned with how fluids moove

Question 15

What is aerodynamics

Answer 15

A part of fluid dynamics concerned with how gases move

Question 16

What is hydrodynamics

Answer 16

A part of fluid dynamics concerned with how liquids move

Question 17

What is weight?

Answer 17

A force of gravity acting on an object

Question 18

What is mass?

Answer 18

The amount of matter that makes up an object or substance

Question 19

What is volume?

Answer 19

The amount of space an object or substance takes up

Question 20

What is density

Answer 20

A measure of the amount of matter in a given volume of a substance

Question 21

What is characteristic property

Answer 21

A property that makes a particular substance distinct from others

Question 22

What is buoyancy

Answer 22

The upward force that a fluid exerts on an object

Question 23

What is a swim bladder

Answer 23

A thin walled sac in their bodies that contains mainly oxygen

Question 24

What is a ballast tank

Answer 24

Specialized chambers that can be filled with air or water to control the depth of a submarine

Question 25

What does it mean to compress?

Answer 25

To pack closely together

Question 26

What is compressiblility

Answer 26

Being able to be compressed

Question 27

What are pneumatic systems

Answer 27

Systems that use pressurized air or other gases to do work

Question 28

What are hydraulics systems

Answer 28

Systems that use pressurized liquids, (often oil) to do a task

Question 29

What is pressure

Answer 29

The force applied to a unit of surface area

Question 30

What is atmospheric pressure

Answer 30

The force the atmosphere exerts on a unit of surface area

Question 31

What is Pascal's law

Answer 31

a law that states that a force applied to a fluid is distributed equally through all parts of the fluid

Question 32

What is boyle's law

Answer 32

As the volume of a container decreases, the atmospheric pressure on the container increases and vice versa

Question 33

What are valves

Answer 33

A mechanism that controls the flow of fluid in a pipe or tube

Question 34

What is an internal combustion engine

Answer 34

An engine that burns fuel in chambers inside the engine

Question 35

What are the formulas for pressure

Answer 35

``` P = F/A F = A X P A = F/P ```

Question 36

What is Pascal's principle

Answer 36

P1/A1=P2/A2

Question 37

What a fluid is and why they are important?

Answer 37

A fluid is a substance which does not have a fixed volume or shape, it is also completely free to flow inside its’ container. They are important because we lived in a world full of fluids, and a lot of things all around us are powered by fluids, from dentist chairs to cars.

Question 38

What is boyle's law

Answer 38

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

Question 39

How does the particle theory of matter relate to density, viscosity, flow rate and pressure

Answer 39

The closer the particles are, the higher the density, viscosity, and pressure. The flow rate will also go down

Question 40

The relationship between viscosity and rate of flow and effects of temperature

Answer 40

Flow rate is how fast or slow a fluid is moving, and the higher viscosity of a fluid, the slower it is. When the temperature increases the particles spread apart and lowering the viscosity.

Question 41

What are the properties of a solid (compressibility, shape, density, change of shape)

Answer 41

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume and the particles’ are packed closely together and vibrate around a central point. They usually have the highest density out of the three states and can’t change states, they are also the only state of matter that can be compressed using your hands, and have the highest compression force. They can change into a liquid through melting and a gas through sublimation.

Question 42

What are the properties of liquids (compressibility, shape, density, change of state)

Answer 42

Liquids do not have a definite shape, however, they do have a defined volume as they take the shape of their container. The particles are freer than in a solid and are free to move past each other. Liquids typically have a lower density than that of solids, as their particles are spread further apart. When frozen, a liquid can change into a solid, and when heated it can turn into a gas. Liquids have a lower compression force than solids, however they are still compressed enough to hold the particles together.

Question 43

What are the properties of gases (compressibility, shape, density, change of state)

Answer 43

Gases do not have a definite shape or volume, the particles in a gas are spread further apart and move much faster. The compression force is extremely weak and they also have the lowest density out of the three states. Gases can change into liquids if subject to cold and into a liquid through deposition

Question 44

What are the applications of buoyancy?

Answer 44

Buoyancy can be found in natural environments in swim bladders, which is a sac in a fishes’ body that stores oxygen, decreasing their density, which can help the fish float, they can alter the amount of water they displace by in-taking less oxygen into their swim bladder. Ballast tanks which are similar to swim bladders can be found in submarines, they are usually filled with air or water to control how deep the submarine goes underwater, again using water displacement to their advantage.

Question 45

How does floating and sinking relate to density

Answer 45

If an object is less dense then the fluid it is in, it will float. If not, it will sink.

Question 46

What are the applications of pressure

Answer 46

Pneumatics and hydraulics are somewhat similar when the function. An example of a hydraulic system is having two syringes connected by a pipe. Liquid is the filled in one of the syringes and if you apply pressure on that syringe, it will transfer to the other one through the pipe. Pneumatics is sort of similar to that process but instead of a liquid, it uses a gas. It is of course easier to use pneumatics because it reduces the amount of pressure needed to apply on each syringe in order to allow the gas to pass on through the pipe and into the other syringe, but gases compress more so you need more in the system.

Question 47

What is displacement and how can you use it to find volume?

Answer 47

When an object is in water, the object can’t possibly take up the same space as the water, so the water moves out of the way. You can find the volume of an object by measuring the volume of the liquid, placing the object in the water so it displaces, and then subtracting the new volume by the old volume