Flying Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
What is the secondary effect of ROLL?
A
Yaw into the roll
2
Q
What is the secondary effect of YAW?
A
Roll into the yaw
3
Q
What is the aerobatics checklist?
A
HASSELL
4
Q
What does HASELL stand for?
A
Height, Airframe, Security, Engine, Location satisfactory, Look out
5
Q
What is the minimum height for aerobatic manoeuvres?
A
3,000 ft
6
Q
What are the Rules of the air?
A
- Give way to airships, gliders, balloons and aircraft towing gliders or banners
- Give way to the right
- Turn to the right if there is danger
- Remain well clear of clouds
7
Q
How can an engine be cooled in flight?
A
- increase speed
- reduce power
- open cowl flaps
8
Q
What is Vx?
A
Best angle of climb
9
Q
What is Vy?
A
Best rate of climb
10
Q
What does EFATO stand for?
A
Engine failure after take-off
11
Q
What is the squawk code for lost communication/radio failure?
A
7600
12
Q
What does FIR stand for?
A
Flight Information Region
13
Q
What does AD stand for?
A
Aerodrome Data
14
Q
Where can AD be found?
A
In the AIP
15
Q
What is the squawk code for hijacked aircraft?
A
7500
16
Q
What is the squawk code for Emergency?
A
7700
17
Q
What is the squawk code for VFR standard squawk code when no other code has been assigned (ICAO)
A
7000
18
Q
What is Va?
A
Manoeuvring speed
19
Q
What is Vne?
A
Never Exceed speed
20
Q
What is Vno?
A
Normal Operation speed in still air
21
Q
What is Vfe?
A
Maximum Speed flaps extended
22
Q
What is Vs1?
A
Stall Speed no flaps
23
Q
What is Vs0?
A
Stall Speed flaps extended
24
Q
What does AH stand for?
A
Artificial Horizon
25
What does TC stand for?
Turn Co-ordination
26
What is the 2 minute turn
360 degree turn in 2 minutes
27
What is Vr
Rotation speed
28
What is the radio readability scale 1 to 5.
```
1 unreadable
2 readable now and then
3 readable but with difficulty
4 readable
5 perfectly readable
```
29
What does ADF stand for?
Automatic Direction Finder
30
What does NDB stand for?
Non-Directional Beacon
31
What is the squawk for circuits?
1200 and SBY
32
What is the squawk code for uncontrolled airspace aka class G?
1200 and ALT
33
What does ELT stand for?
Emergency Locator Transmitter
34
What is the international distress frequencies?
121.5 and 243 MHz
35
What does CTAF stand for?
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency
36
What does ARFOR stand for?
Area Forecast
37
What does EGT stand for?
Exhaust Gas Temperature
38
What does MP stand for?
Manifold Pressure
39
What is SARTIME?
Time after which search begins
40
What does SIGMET stand for?
Significant Weather warning
41
What does CAVOK mean?
Ceiling and visibility OK
42
What does ISA stand for?
International Standard Atmosphere
43
What does SMC stand for?
Surface Movement Control
44
What does ATIS stand for?
Automatic Terminal Information Service
45
How many litres per USG?
3.8 litres per USG
46
What is the specific gravity of AVGAS?
0.71 i.e. 1 litre of AVGAS weighs 0.71 kg
47
What is denoted by the symbol ALPHA?
Angle of attack
48
What is denoted by the symbol BETA?
Angle of sideslip
49
What is the range of a VHF signal below 5,000 ft?
60 nm
50
What is the range of a VHF signal between 5,000 to 10,000ft?
90 nm
51
What does MAP stand for?
Manifold Absolute Pressure
52
What does PRD stand for?
Prohibited, Restricted, Danger areas
53
What does SKC cloud cover mean?
Sky clear 0 oktas
54
What does FEW cloud cover mean?
Few 1-2 oktas
55
What does SCT cloud cover mean?
Scattered 3-4 oktas
56
What does BKN cloud cover mean?
Broken 5-7 oktas
57
What does OVC cloud cover mean?
Overcast 8 oktas
58
What time interval is TEMPO?
30 to 60 minutes
59
What time interval is INTER?
Less than 30 minutes
60
What does TAF stand for?
Terminal Area Forecast?
61
What does TTF stand for?
Trend Type Forecast covering a period of 3 hours
62
What does MTOW stand for?
Maximum Take-Off Weight
63
What does MLW stand for?
Maximum Landing Weight
64
What is the ISA pressure values for pressure and temperature?
1013.2 hPa and +15 C
65
What is the temperature lapse rate?
2 C / 1,000 ft or 1 hPA ~ 30 ft
66
What is V ref?
Reference speed for final approach
67
What is TODR?
Take off distance required
68
What is TOSS?
Take-off safety speed i.e. Minimum speed at 50 ft after take-off, at least 1.2 x Vstall. For multi-engine aircraft known as V2
69
What is TODA?
Take-off distance available
70
What is LDR?
Landing Distance Required
71
What does VTC stand for?
Visual Terminal Chart
72
What scale is a VTC?
1:250,000
73
What does WAC stand for?
World Aeronautical Chart
74
What scale is a WAC?
1:1,000,000
75
What does GAAP stand for?
General Aviation Airports
76
What does VNC stand for?
Visual Navigation Chart
77
What is the scale on a Visual navigation chart?
1:500,000
78
What is the approximate distance of a top thumb-joint on a WAC?
20 nm
79
What is the approximate distance of a top thumb-joint on a VTC?
5 nm
80
What is the approximate distance of a full hand span on a WAC?
120 nm
81
How do you fix a blocked static system?
Alternate static on
82
What does ERC stand for?
En route Chart
83
What is the AGONIC line?
Where magnetic variation = zero, true north and magnetic north are the same
84
What are ISOGONAL lines?
Lines joining places of equal magnetic variation
85
What is the nmemonic for correcting magnetic variation?
EAST is LEAST, WEST is BEST
86
What distance does 1 degree latitude equivalent to?
60 nm
87
What distance does 1 minute latitude equivalent to?
1 nm
88
How is the Magnetic heading and compass headings related?
Hm = Hc + deviation
89
How are magnetic and true headings related?
Ht = Hm + variation
90
What does higher altitudes mean for performance?
Decreased airplane and engine performance
91
What does higher humidity mean for performance?
Decreased airplane and engine performance
92
How does higher temperatures affect performance?
Decreased airplane performance
93
In which direction does a sea breeze blow?
From the sea to the shore / onshore
94
In which direction does a land breeze blow?
From land to sea / offshore
95
What are KATABATIC winds?
Winds that flow down mountain slopes and out of valleys at night and early mornings
96
What are INVERSIONS?
Where temperature increases with altitude
97
What flying conditions are associated with INVERSIONS?
Smooth air poor visibility due to fog
98
When do INVERSIONS occur?
Cold clear nights
99
What causes INVERSIONS?
Land cooling giving off heat so lower levels (below 1,000 ft) becomes very cool
100
What is the minimum time interval between drinking and flying?
8 hours
101
What is HYPOXIA?
Lack of oxygen
102
What is HYPOXIC HYPOXIA?
Lack of oxygen in the air
103
What is ANAEMIC HYPOXIA?
Inability of the blood to carry oxygen
104
Why should a pilot not fly for 2-3 days after giving blood?
Increased likelihood of anaemic hypoxia
105
What is the VALSALVA manoeuvre?
Hold your nose and blow gently to unblock ears
106
What is the rest period after a local or dental anaesthetic?
24 hours
107
What is the rest period after a general anaesthetic?
72 hours
108
What is a DAME?
Designates Aviation Medical Examiner
109
What are the medical requirements for commercial pilots?
Class 1 medical certificate annually
110
What are the medical requirements for private pilots?
Class 2 medical certificate renewed every 4 years or 2 years if 40 or over
111
How do you avoid wake turbulence on take-off?
Wait at least 2 minutes or take-off before the previous aircraft's rotation point, stay above its flight path and stay upwind. Climb at Vy not Vx
112
How do you avoid wake turbulence on landing if the previous aircraft has just landed?
Land well well beyond touchdown point
113
How do you avoid wake turbulence on landing if the previous aircraft has just taken-off?
Touchdown well before its rotation point
114
How do you avoid wake turbulence on landing if the previous aircraft has gone around?
Delay landing
115
What happens to the load factor on the wings in a turn?
It increase
116
What is the LOAD FACTOR?
Load factor = lift / weight
117
What is the load factor at a 60 degree bank angle
2
118
What is the load factor at a 45 degree bank angle
1.4 g
119
What is the load factor at a 30 degree bank angle
1.15 g
120
What happens to the stall speed in a turn?
It increases
121
What is the LIFT EQUATION?
Cl = 1/2 p v 2 s
122
How does the stall speed vary with weight?
Directly proportional
123
What is the Bernoulli effect?
Total energy in a fluid is constant
Total pressure = static pressure + dynamic pressure
124
What is the VENTURI effect?
At the narrowest point in a tube the static pressure is least whilst the dynamic pressure is greatest
125
What are the components of DRAG?
Induced and parasitic drag
126
What is INDUCED drag?
Drag arising from generating lift - at the trailing edges and, especially, at the wing tips
127
What are the components of PARASITIC drag?
Form, skin and interference drag
128
How is parasitic drag related to speed?
Parasitic drag is proportional to speed squared
129
What factors determine induced drag?
Induced drag increases at low airspeeds and high angles of attack
130
What is the ANGLE OF ATTACK?
The angle between the CHORD line and relative airflow
131
What is the CHORD LINE?
The line between the wing's leading and trailing edges
132
What are the main forces on an aircraft?
Weight, lift, drag and thrust
133
What documents must be carried by law?
Licence, current medical certificate, maintenance release and POH
134
How do you set QFE?
Set the altimeter to read zero on the ground
135
Which instruments are driven by the VACUUM system?
HI and AI
136
How do you check the vacuum system is functioning properly?
Check the suction gauge
137
What is the operational pressure range for the vacuum system?
Between 4.5 and 5.4 in Hg
138
Which instruments are gyroscopic?
AI, HI and TC
139
Which instruments are affected by the PITOT TUBE?
ASI only
140
What fuel is suitable for light aircraft?
AVGAS: 100LL or 100/130 octane
141
What colour is 100LL?
Blue
142
What colour is 100/130 octane?
Green
143
What is AVTUR?
Jet fuel (aviation turbine fuel)
144
What colour is AVTUR?
Straw colour
145
How is AVGAS labelled?
White letters on a red background
146
How is AVTUR labelled?
White letters on black background
147
What does SAE stand for?
Society of Automotive Engineers
148
When should pilots be alert for carburettor icing?
When OAT is between -10 and +20 AND relative humidity is > 50%
149
What is the RIGGER'S angle of incidence!
Angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis of the airplane
150
What is the frequency range for HF?
3-30 MHz
151
What is the frequency range for VHF?
30-300 MHz
152
What does ICAO stand for?
International Civil Aviation Organisation
153
What are a pilot's priorities?
Aviation, navigate, communicate
154
What are the fuel reserve requirements for VFR (piston engines)?
45 minutes flight
155
What are the fuel reserve requirements for VFR (jet engines)?
30 minutes flight
