FM & Sustainability Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the life-cycle approach to buildings?
Embodied Emissions - Raw material supply, manufacturing, transportation.
Upfront emissions - Construction, installation process and transportation.
Operational emissions - maintenance, repairs, replacement and refurbishments.
Operational vs. Embodied Carbon
2019 -
84% Operational carbon
16% Embodied carbon
2050 BAU
85% Embodied carbon
15% Operational carbon
Why will this happen?
- Decarbonisation of the electricity grid (renewable energy)
- The emissions requirement to manufacture the material will have a higher share in the overall carbon emissions of buildings.
Things to consider for energy-efficient building design
- Climate study - position in relation to the sun and wind (natural ventilation)
- Shadding devices
- Windows to wall ratio
- Infilltartion rates
- Energy-efficient facade systems
What are some design factors that affect energy efficiency?
- Form factor: Square vs. z-shaped. Same floor area 20% increase in heat lost/gain.
What impact does shading impact building energy efficiency?
What does the R-value of a material determine?
How do translucent materials affect energy efficiency?
U-Value - how much heat is transferred. The lower the U-value, the better the insulation property.
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) - how much solar radiation passes through the window. The lower the SHGC, the lower the amount of radiation that passes through the window.
What is a sustainable MEP system for MECHANICAL?
- Efficient building design reduces the demand for HVAC
Efficient HVAC systems
- HVAC with high COP (coefficient of Performance) and EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio)
- HVAC systems are correctly sized for the space
- Efficient use of the equipment.
Low GWP refrigerants
What is a sustainable MEP system for HYDRAULIC?
- Low-flow fixtures
- WELS certification
- Smart irrigation and selection of species
- Rainwater collection and use
What is a sustainable MEP system for LIGHTING?
- Lighting in buildings uses up to 40% of energy, significantly impacting the building design.
- Turn lights off manually or automatically when not needed
- Remove excess lamps from over-lit areas
- Replace light fittings and lamps with more efficient lighting
- Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) use up to 75% less energy and emit
90% less CO2 than the old halogens. - LED lasts up to 25 times as long, which greatly reduces the need
for changing or maintenance. - Optimise lighting layout
- Add more circuits and switches for greater control and automation
- Use lighting controls and sensors (occupancy/motion sensor and timer control)
Regulated products
Biological effects of LIGHTING
DURING THE DAY: High cortisol = ACTIVE
AT NIGHT: High meltonin = SLEEP
The biological effect of lighting:
- Heart rate
- Blood pressure
- Hormones such as cortisol and insulin
- Mood
- Learning centres in the brain
Things to be aware of:
- Amount of daylight entering the environment
- Ability of the user to control the level of
lighting (artificial and natural)
- Appropriate level of light for each task and
age groups
- Flicker-free LED lighting.
Effects of light pollution
- Animals negatively
- warm light with no cold tones
- Lights are required only for human safety, then there should not be any artificial lighting.
How do solar panels work?
ENERGY from the sun
1. Solar panels
2. Inverter - DC (direct current), AC (alternating current)
3. Network meter (measuring both the incoming energy from the utility and the outgoing energy from the solar PV systems)
4. Grid
What affects how effective solar panels are?
Climate zone
Weather conditions
Time of day and season
Location
Slope of the panel
The direction the panel faces
Dirt, debris or shading on the panel
What is building decarbonisation?
The process of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with a building’s entire life cycle, from construction to operation and demolition.
Environmental Product Declaration (EOD) - communicate independently verified data about the environmental performance of products and services
INTERNATIONAL EPD SYSTEM
What are some examples of certification and rating schemes for sustainability?
Green Star Buildings - certifies the design and construction of a building. 4 = BEST PRACTICE, 5 = AUSTRALIAN EXCELLENCE, 6 = WORLD LEADERSHIP
NABERS certification -
Provides a rating
from one to six stars for building efficiency.
Helps building owners to understand their building’s performance versus comparable buildings in the same sector, providing a benchmark for progress.
- NABERS ratings are valid for twelve months.
Menterning & Mointoring
An essential part of a good Facility Management - provide insight into energy and water performance.
- Enables benchmarking, raises awareness of company energy and water use and encourages simple operational initiatives, such as switching off equipment when not in use.
- Can diagnose problems before they lead to high energy and water consumption or component failure
- It can be integrated into the building management system (BMS), allowing for better tuning of building services and optimisation of energy and water consumption
What is Facility Management?
Facility management encompasses the oversight and coordination of a building’s or facility’s operations, physical assets, and infrastructure.
This also includes the building services, such as HVAC, fire, and lab ventilation.
How do Building Management systems assist in managing a facility?
Energy Efficiency - providing centralised control and monitoring of various building systems
Maintenance - providing real-time data and insights into various building systems, enabling proactive maintenance and reducing operational costs.
Improved energy efficiency, reduced operational costs, enhanced occupant comfort, and greater security
What is a BMS, or a Building Management System?
A computer-based system that monitors and controls various aspects of a building’s infrastructure.
It’s essentially a central hub that integrates different systems like HVAC, lighting, and security, providing a comprehensive view and control for building managers
