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Board Study Guide > FM4-25.11 First Aid > Flashcards

FM4-25.11 First Aid Flashcards

(71 cards)

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0
Q

Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment

A

Bayonet, rifle, entrenching tool, tent poles and stakes, web belt

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1
Q

What is self aid

A

Emergency treatment one applies to ones self

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2
Q

What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg

A

Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg

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3
Q

How many pressure points which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body

A

11

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4
Q

What is the object of first aid

A

To stop bleeding
Overcome shock
Relieve pain
Prevent infection

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5
Q

What FM covers first aid for soldiers

A

FM 4-25.11

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6
Q

What is the unique feature of type O blood

A

Universal donor

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7
Q

When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound

A

If in a chemical environment or if it is stuck to the wound

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8
Q

What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries

A

Soldiers not accustomed to heat, overweight, priori heat casualties, dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, lack of water

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9
Q

How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding

A

2-4 inches

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10
Q

What are the lifesaving steps. The ABCs

A

Open the airway and restore bleeding
Stop the bleeding/ protect the wound
Prevent shock

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11
Q

When applying splint where should the bandages be tied

A

Knots against the splint

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12
Q

Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty

A

The casualties

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13
Q

How should the ends of. An improved pressure dressing be tied

A

End together in a non slip knot directly over the wound not so tightly to have a tourniquet effect

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14
Q

What is manual pressure

A

Firm Hands in pressure for 5-10 minutes

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15
Q

Should a casualty be given water to drink

A

He should not eat or drink

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16
Q

Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible

A

To protect it from further contamination and also to control bleeding.

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17
Q

What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet

A

Mark his forehead with a T and note the time if possible

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18
Q

Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet

A

No

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19
Q

Where is a tourniquet applied

A

Between the wound and the heart.

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20
Q

How can you prevent athletes foot

A

Keep your feet clean use foot powder and change socks daily

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21
Q

Name 3 categories of heat injury

A

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

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22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps

A

Cramping in the extremities, abdominal cramps, excessive sweating

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23
Q

What are some signs of an open fracture

A

Bleeding, bones sticking through the skin, check for pulse

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24
What is the treatment for heat cramps
Move the casualty to shade or create shade Loosen clothing Slowly drink one canteen full of water Seek medical assistance if cramps continue
25
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
``` Excessive sweating with pale,moist skin Headache Weakness Dizziness Loss of appetite Cramping Nausea Urge to defecate Chills Rapid breathing Tingling of hands and feet Confusion ```
26
What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion
Move the casualty to shade or create it Loosen and remove clothing and boots Pour water on him and fan him Slowly drink one canteen of water Elevate legs Eliminate strenuous activity for the day if possible Monitor until symptoms are gone or medical assistance arrives
27
What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke
``` Skin is red, hot and dry Weakness Dizziness Confusion Headaches Seizures Nausea Stomach pains and cramps Rapid and weak respiration and pulse Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly ```
28
If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/Spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening and airway
Jaw thrust
29
What would the treatment be for heat stroke
``` Cool casualty immediately by: Moving to a cool shady area Loosening or removing clothing Spraying or pouring water on him and fanning him Massaging extremities and skin to increase blood flow Elevating his legs Slowly drink one full canteen of water Seek medical assistance ```
30
What are two basic types of fractures
Open (compound) | Closed ( simple)
31
What are some signs of a closed fracture
``` Swelling Discoloration Deformity Unusual body position Check for pulse ```
32
What should you do first for an open fracture
Stop the bleeding
33
What is the basic proven principle in splinting a fracture
Splint them where they lie
34
How tight should a tourniquet be
Until the bright red bleeding has stopped
35
What are the three types of bleeding
Arterial: blood is bright red and spurts with each heartbeat Venous: blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream Capillary: blood oozes from the wound
36
Name four common points for checking pulse
Carotid: the side of the neck Femoral: the groin Radial: the wrist Posterior tibial: ankle
37
What is heat injury
A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while working in the heat, general dehydration of the body
38
What is the greatest preventative measure for disease
Cleanliness
39
What is the treatment for shock
``` PELCRN Position the casualty on their back Elevate the legs Loosen clothing at neck, waist or wherever binding Acclimatize Reassure and keep calm Notify medical personnel ```
40
What are one signs and symptoms of shock
``` Clammy skin Restlessness and nervousness Thirst Loss of blood Confusion Fast breathing Nausea or vomiting Blotched or bluish skin Perspires freely May pass out ```
41
How do you stop bleeding
``` Apply a field dressing Manual pressure Elevate the limb Apply a pressure dressing Digital pressure Apply a tourniquet ```
42
What is CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Used to restore heartbeat
43
When can measure taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued
When a doctor tells you to stop When other relieve you When you cannot physically continue When the casualty starts to breathe on its own
44
What is AIDS
The end stage of HIV infection. The virus has attacked the immune system
45
Name two types of rescue breathing
Mouth to mouth | Mouth to nose
46
What do the letters AIDS stand for
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
47
When should a casualty not be placed in shock position
When they have: Head injury Abdominal wound Fractured unsplinted leg
48
How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding
5-10 minutes
49
What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty
Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
50
When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding
As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off
51
What does COLD stand for
``` Key word in cold weather protection Keep it CLEAN avoid OVERHEATING wear it LOOSE and in layers And keep it DRY ```
52
What are the eight steps in evaluating a casualty
``` Check for: Responsiveness Breathing Pulse Bleeding Shock Fractures Burns Possible concussions ```
53
What is the first indication of frostbite
Skin becomes numb and white particles and patches form on it
54
What do you do to treat frostbite
Remove clothing from the affected area Warm with body heat Dress the area and seek help
55
When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound
When the individual breathes out
56
How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound
On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
57
What do you do with exposed abdominal organs
Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen. Never try to put them back in
58
How do you take the carotid pulse
Feel for a pulse on the side of the neck closest to you putting two fingertips near Adam's apple
59
What are the two-man methods of carrying a casualty
``` Two-man support carry Two-mans arm carry Two-man fore and aft carry Two-hand seat carry Four hand seat carry ```
60
What are the one man methods to carrying a casualty
``` Fire mans carry Supporting carry Arms carry Saddleback carry Pack strap carry Pistol belt carry Pistol belt drag Neck drag LBE carry using bearers LBE LBE carry using casualties LBE Cradle drop drag ```
61
Should you put any medication or cream on a burn
No
62
Name the four types of burns
Thermal Electrical Chemical Laser
63
What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns
Lessen or prevent shock and infection
64
What are the three categories used in medical evacuation
Urgent- within 2 hours Priority- within 4 hours Routine- within 24 hours
65
What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty
Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Remove particles by brushing or picking them out
66
What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim
Remove the casualty from the source of the burn
67
What are the two prescribed methods for opening an airway
The jaw thrust | Head tilt chin lift method
68
What is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease
Dental plaque
69
What are the Nine major symptoms of nerve agent poisoning
``` Unexplained runny nose Unexplained headache Sudden drooling Difficulty seeing Chest tightness or difficulty breathing Localized sweating and muscle twitching in exposed areas Stomach cramps Nausea Tachycardia followed by bradycardia ```
70
What are the 11 severe symptoms of nerve agent poisoning
``` Strange or confused behavior Wheezing difficulty breathing and coughing Severely pinpointed pupils Red eyes with tearing Vomiting Muscular twitching and weakness Involuntary urination and defecation Convulsions Unconsciousness Respiratory failure Bradycardia ```

Board Study Guide (28 decks)

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