fMRI Methods

Question 1

Magnetism and Brain Function

Answer 1

The role of magnetic properties in brain activity.

Question 2

Magnetic Moment

Answer 2

A property of particles like protons

Question 3

Protons in the Brain

Answer 3

Small particles in the brain that create magnetic signals used in MRI.

Question 4

BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent) Contrast Imaging

Answer 4

A brain imaging technique that measures oxygen levels to study brain activity.

Question 5

BOLD Image

Answer 5

An MRI scan that shows brain regions with high oxygen levels as brighter areas

Question 6

Temporal Evolution of BOLD Effect

Answer 6

The way the BOLD signal changes over time after a stimulus.

Question 7

Subtraction Design

Answer 7

A brain imaging method that compares task-related brain activity by subtracting a control condition.

Question 8

Factorial Design

Answer 8

A study approach that examines interactions between different cognitive tasks.

Question 9

Parametric Design

Answer 9

A method that changes task difficulty to study how the brain adapts

Question 10

Event-Related fMRI (erfMRI)

Answer 10

A technique that detects short-term changes in brain activity.

Question 11

Rapid erfMRI

Answer 11

A faster version of erfMRI that presents more stimuli in a shorter time.

Question 12

Mixed Designs

Answer 12

A combination of event-related and block designs to capture different types of brain activity.

Question 13

Behaviorally Driven fMRI

Answer 13

An imaging approach that studies brain activity during rest instead of structured tasks.

Question 14

Time to Repetition (TR)

Answer 14

The time it takes to capture one full brain image in fMRI.

Question 15

Spatial Resolution

Answer 15

The level of detail in a brain scan.

Question 16

Voxel

Answer 16

A small 3D cube in a brain image like a pixel but in three dimensions.

Question 17

Jittering

Answer 17

A method to improve fMRI timing by varying when stimuli are presented.

Question 18

Parallel Imaging

Answer 18

A technique that speeds up MRI scans while maintaining image quality.

Question 19

Susceptibility Artifacts

Answer 19

Distortions in MRI images caused by differences in tissue properties.

Question 20

Activation Map

Answer 20

A color-coded brain image showing regions active during a task.

Question 21

Brain Activity

Answer 21

The processes happening in the brain such as neurons firing or changes in metabolism.

Question 22

Measurement Techniques

Answer 22

Methods used to observe brain activity while a person does a task.

Question 23

Manipulation Techniques

Answer 23

Methods used to change brain activity to see how it affects behavior.

Question 24

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 24

A method that records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes on the scalp.

Question 25

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer 25

A brain imaging method that measures changes in blood oxygen levels to study brain activity.

Question 26

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 26

A brain imaging technique that uses radioactive substances to track brain activity.

Question 27

Neurons

Answer 27

Cells in the brain that send and receive electrical and chemical signals.

Question 28

Lesions

Answer 28

Areas of damage in the brain often due to injury or disease.

Question 29

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 29

A method that uses magnetic fields to stimulate brain activity in certain areas.

Question 30

Axonal Signaling

Answer 30

The process of neurons sending messages along their long extensions (axons).

Question 31

Dendritic Integration

Answer 31

How neurons combine signals they receive from other neurons.

Question 32

Neurotransmitters

Answer 32

Chemicals that help neurons communicate with each other.

Question 33

Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD) Signal

Answer 33

The signal measured by fMRI to track brain activity.

Question 34

Single-Unit Recording

Answer 34

A method that records electrical signals from one or a few neurons.

Question 35

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Answer 35

A method that records magnetic fields produced by brain activity.

Question 36

Animal Studies

Answer 36

Experiments done on animals to understand brain function.

Question 37

Cognitive Function

Answer 37

Brain processes that allow thinking decision-making

Question 38

Invasive Techniques

Answer 38

Methods that involve inserting tools or chemicals into the body.

Question 39

Non-Invasive Techniques

Answer 39

Methods that do not require anything to be inserted into the body.

Question 40

Temporal Resolution

Answer 40

How quickly a technique can detect changes in brain activity.