FMT GPT generated cards Flashcards
(15 cards)
What does FMT stand for in medical terms?
Fecal Microbiota Transplant
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by the medial border of the adductor longus, laterally by the medial border of the sartorius muscle.
Describe the Frank-Starling law of the heart.
The heart’s stroke volume increases as the end-diastolic volume rises due to the stretch of myocardial fibers enhancing their contractile force.
What is the mechanism of action of beta blockers?
Beta blockers block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and contractility.
Which enzyme serves as the rate-limiting step in glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
What are the characteristic features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Acid-fast, aerobic bacillus with a lipid-rich cell wall high in mycolic acids.
Differentiate between Type I and Type IV hypersensitivity reactions.
Type I: Immediate, IgE-mediated reactions. Type IV: Delayed, T-cell-mediated reactions.
Outline the management protocol for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Administration of aspirin, nitroglycerin, beta blockers, reperfusion therapy, long-term management with statins, ACE inhibitors.
What is the recommended management strategy for preeclampsia in pregnancy?
Close monitoring, antihypertensive therapy, magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis.
What are the key clinical features of Kawasaki disease?
Prolonged fever, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, oral mucosal changes, polymorphous rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in the extremities.
Explain the role of a cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of sepsis.
An overwhelming inflammatory response marked by excessive release of cytokines leading to tissue damage and multi-organ failure.
Describe the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance in MRSA.
The mecA gene encodes an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) with reduced affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics.
What is ‘loss of heterozygosity’?
Loss of one allele of a gene in a cell that already has a mutated second allele, leading to loss of tumor suppressor function.
What is the clinical significance of Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) in gastroenterology?
FMT is explored for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, aiming to restore a healthy gut microbial balance.
What is the Revised Atlanta Classification for acute pancreatitis?
Categorizes acute pancreatitis into mild, moderately severe, and severe forms based on organ failure and complications.
