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FNC 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What elevated lactic acid level indicates sepsis in pregnancy?

A

> 20 mg or > 2 mmOL

Elevated lactic acid can be a sign of sepsis in pregnant individuals.

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2
Q

What is the priority intervention for a patient with elevated lactic acid?

A

IV Fluids 2L Bolus ASAP

Rapid fluid resuscitation is critical in managing sepsis.

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3
Q

What is the gestational period for a typical pregnancy?

A

40 weeks

Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters.

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4
Q

Define ‘Gravida’.

A

Number of pregnancies the client has had (current included)

This term is used to describe a woman’s pregnancy history.

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5
Q

Define ‘Parity’.

A

Number of pregnancies where the fetus has reached beyond 20 weeks regardless of outcome

Parity reflects the number of viable pregnancies.

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6
Q

What term describes a female who has never been pregnant?

A

Nulligravida

This term is crucial for understanding a patient’s obstetric history.

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7
Q

What is the significance of 24 weeks in pregnancy?

A

Age of Viability

This is the point at which a fetus can potentially survive outside the womb.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The 20-week mark in pregnancy is considered the _______.

A

Halfway point

This is often referred to as the ‘Green Light’ for labor and delivery.

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9
Q

What is Naegele’s Rule used for?

A

Calculating Estimated Due Date (EDD)

It uses the Last Menstrual Period (LMP) to estimate the delivery date.

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10
Q

What are positive signs of pregnancy?

A
  • Visualization of fetus via ultrasound
  • Auscultation of fetal heart tones
  • Visualization or palpation of fetal movement

These signs confirm pregnancy and are assessed by healthcare providers.

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11
Q

What cardiovascular change occurs during pregnancy?

A

Increase in blood volume

This change is necessary to support the growing fetus.

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12
Q

What is Supine Hypotension?

A

Hypotension caused by pressure on the vena cava when lying supine

Pregnant individuals should avoid lying flat on their backs.

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13
Q

What is ‘Striae Gravidarum’?

A

Stretch marks that occur during pregnancy

These are common skin changes due to stretching.

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14
Q

What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy?

A

Regulated weight gain, should be a trend, NOT a lot at once

Rapid weight gain can indicate fluid overload or other issues.

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15
Q

What is PICA in pregnancy?

A

Craving and eating non-nutritional items

This can be a sign of anemia.

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16
Q

What should be avoided to reduce the risk of listeria during pregnancy?

A
  • Lunch Meat
  • Hotdog
  • Raw Cheese
  • Unpasteurized Products

These foods can harbor harmful bacteria.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the TDAP vaccine during pregnancy?

A

To protect against pertussis

It is recommended to be given in the third trimester.

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18
Q

What are warning signs in the first trimester of pregnancy?

A
  • Severe Vomiting
  • Chills/Fever
  • Burning with Urination
  • ABD Cramping and/or Bleeding
  • Severe Unilateral Pain

These symptoms may indicate complications.

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19
Q

What is the expected respiratory rate for a newborn?

A

30-60 breaths per minute

Monitoring respiratory rate is critical in assessing newborn health.

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20
Q

What does TTN stand for in newborns?

A

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

This condition may present shortly after birth but usually resolves quickly.

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21
Q

What is the significance of the ‘Golden Hour’ after birth?

A

Most Critical Hour for newborn stability

Temperature regulation is a priority during this time.

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22
Q

What is the normal fetal heart rate range?

A

120-160 bpm

Monitoring heart rate helps assess fetal well-being.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of Vitamin K for newborns?

A

To prevent hemorrhagic disorders

Newborns are given Vitamin K due to a sterile gut.

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24
Q

What is the expected pattern for jaundice in newborns?

A

Physiologic jaundice peaks at day 3-5 in term babies

Pathologic jaundice occurs before 24 hours of life.

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25
What are the signs of respiratory distress in a newborn?
* Nasal Flaring * Retractions * Grunting * Pallor * Cyanosis * Apnea longer than 15 seconds * Bradycardia ## Footnote These signs require immediate assessment.
26
What should be used if Ballader score/age differs from Pre-Natal records by more than 2 weeks?
Use Ballader’s score/age
27
What is the first step to check during a physiological assessment?
Temperature
28
What should be prioritized if the assessment indicates the condition has 'gone to SHIT'?
Respiratory (ABC)
29
What is the intervention for the first 2 hours after birth?
Airway Maintenance
30
What is the GOLD standard for maintaining temperature in newborns?
Skin to Skin with a blanket and hat
31
When to initiate breastfeeding? What is the sniff position?
Golden Hour (start within 30 minutes) Nipple should NOT be pinched after breastfeeding
32
How many ID bands are required for a newborn?
4 total: 2 on baby, 1 for each parent
33
What is the purpose of Vitamin K (Phytonadione) for newborns?
Helps with clotting factors and prevents brain bleeds
34
Common Newborn Problems occur within 2 Hours; What is a physiological problem that you can see and is tested in 24 Hours?
Hyperbilirubinemia
35
What should be done if a newborn has jaundice?
Use Bili Lights
36
What is the expected difference in the Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) test between pre and post ductal measurements?
Should only be 3% difference
37
What should be verified to prevent infant abduction?
ID Bands and 'Baby Trackers'
38
What are the components of the BUBBLE HE assessment?
* Breasts * Uterus * Bowel * Bladder * Lochia * Emotions * Hematomas/episiotomy/lacerations
39
What is the purpose of the RhoGam shot?
Prevent formation of RH antibodies; CRUCIAL for future pregnancies
40
What are the warning signs for postpartum complications?
* Pain in chest * Obstructed breathing/SOB * Seizures * Thoughts of hurting self or baby * Bleeding soaking through one pad/hour * Incision not healing * Red or swollen leg that is painful * Temperature of 100.4 F or higher * Severe headache with vision changes
41
What should be included in discharge teaching regarding infant nutrition?
Breastfeed exclusively for 6 months and introduce food at 6 months
42
What to do if a newborn is experiencing central cyanosis?
No Loose Things; Pacifiers HELP; want Fan; lay on back
43
What is the recommended position for a newborn during sleep?
On BACK to sleep
44
What are the signs of postpartum hemorrhage?
More than 1000 mL total blood loss or 500 mL in vaginal delivery
45
What should be done if the fundus is not contracted or firm?
Massage the fundus
46
What indicates potential subinvolution of the uterus?
If the fundus goes up instead of down
47
What is the key to effective breastfeeding management?
Initiate breastfeeding within the golden hour
48
What should be avoided when expressing breast milk?
Microwaving the milk
49
What is the danger of not monitoring for excessive lochia?
It could indicate postpartum hemorrhage
50
What can be used for pain management after a C-section?
Acetaminophen, Tylenol
51
What is the expected color of lochia during the postpartum period?
Rubra, Serosa, Alba
52
What is a common risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage?
Uterine atony
53
What should be done for a newborn experiencing jaundice?
Provide phototherapy and monitor bilirubin levels
54
Fill in the blank: The first sign of hunger in a newborn is _______
Hand to Mouth
55
True or False: Skin-to-skin contact is not beneficial for a fussy baby.
False
56
What should be done to prevent infant abduction in a hospital setting?
Educate staff and check ID bands regularly
57
What is the recommended hydration for breastfeeding mothers?
1 gallon and ½ of fluids per day
58
What should be monitored in the event of postpartum complications?
Vital signs, pain, and emotional state
59
What is a key intervention to support a mother’s milk supply?
Frequent breastfeeding or pumping
60
Hypovolemic shock?
Low Blood Volume; ^ HR RR; Low BP, O2, Urine Output, Pallor, weak pulses, crackles in lungs; Anxiety, dizzy, Nausea ## Footnote EMERGENCY CALL RAPID
61
List the vital signs that increase in hypovolemic shock.
* Heart Rate (HR) * Respiratory Rate (RR) ## Footnote These changes occur as the body attempts to compensate for low blood volume.
62
What are common physical signs of hypovolemic shock?
* Pallor * Cool, clammy skin * Weak/Thready pulses * Capillary refill time greater than 3 seconds * Anxiety and restlessness * Dizziness * Nausea ## Footnote These symptoms indicate reduced blood flow and perfusion.
63
What actions should be taken in a hypovolemic shock emergency?
* Call for help * Monitor vital signs * Administer oxygen * Perform fundal massages * Express clots * Save and weigh all blood loss * Prepare for transfusion ## Footnote Immediate intervention is crucial to prevent further complications.
64
Fill in the blank: In hypovolemic shock, blood pressure and urine output _______.
decrease ## Footnote This reflects the body's response to low blood volume.
65
What is the first nursing intervention for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)?
Plug the hole, fill the tank ## Footnote The uterus is referred to as the 'hole' in this context.
66
What medications are used for postpartum hemorrhage?
* Oxytocin * Misoprostol (Cytotec) * Carboprost (Hemabate) * Methylergonovine (Methergine) * Tranexamic Acid (TXA) ## Footnote These medications help to promote uterine contractions and reduce bleeding.
67
What are the contraindications for Misoprostol (Cytotec)?
4th degree laceration ## Footnote Caution is required due to potential complications.
68
What is the #1 sign of pulmonary embolism?
Hypoxemia ## Footnote This is a critical indicator of compromised oxygenation.
69
List the symptoms of pulmonary embolism.
* Restlessness * Agitation * Mental status changes * Chest pain * Shortness of breath (SOB) * Tachypnea * Tachycardia * Coughing up bloody sputum ## Footnote These symptoms can vary in severity and require immediate medical attention.
70
What is the treatment for a urinary tract infection (UTI) postpartum?
* Antibiotics * Increase fluids ## Footnote Urinary tract infections can result from various factors including catheters and pelvic exams.
71
What are signs and symptoms of endometritis?
* Foul-smelling lochia * Fever * Tachycardia * Elevated WBC over 10,000 * Uterine pain/tenderness ## Footnote Endometritis is an infection of the uterine lining and can be serious if not treated.
72
What is the intervention for mastitis?
* Continue breastfeeding * Apply warm, moist compresses * Increase fluid intake * Wash hands * Avoid tight bras ## Footnote Proper technique in breastfeeding is crucial to prevent and manage mastitis.
73
What is postpartum depression (PPD)?
A mood disorder lasting longer than 2 weeks postpartum characterized by debilitating symptoms ## Footnote Symptoms include apathy, anxiety, and persistent sadness.
74
What are the signs of postpartum psychosis?
* Delusions * Hallucinations * Paranoia * Confusion ## Footnote This condition is a severe mental health emergency requiring immediate intervention.
75
What is the treatment for postpartum psychosis?
* Inpatient hospitalization * Therapy and medications * Psychiatric care ## Footnote Immediate care is critical for safety of the mother and baby.

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