FNP Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Theory of Florence Nightingale
A
Environmental Model - manipulation of the environment
2
Q
Theory of Martha Rogers
A
Science of Unitary Human Beings - unified whole
3
Q
Theory of Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
A
Human Becoming Theory - person is a unitary being in continuous interaction with his or her environment
4
Q
Theory of Fate Glenn Abdellah
A
21 Nursing Problems Theory
5
Q
Theory of Hildegard Peplau
A
Theory of Interpersonal Relationship - Phases of NPR
6
Q
Theory of Virginia Henderson
A
14 Fundamental Needs
7
Q
Theory of Joyce Travelbee?
A
Human-to-human relationship - therapeutic use of self
8
Q
Theory of Imogen King
A
Theory of Goal Attainment - explore means to achieve health related goals
9
Q
Theory of Lydia Eloise Hall
A
Core, care, cure theory - use of heart, mind, and hand in performing nursing roles
10
Q
Theory of Jean Watson
A
Theory of Human Caring - art and science of human-to-human care
11
Q
Theory of Madeleine Leininger
A
Transcultural Nursing Theory
12
Q
Theory of Dorothea Orem
A
Self-care deficit theory
13
Q
Theory of Sister Calista Roy
A
Adaptation Model - adaptive modes to maintain health
14
Q
Theory of Myra Estrin Levine
A
Conservation Model of Nursing - conserve integrity in various dimensions to assist
15
Q
Theory of Dorothy Johnson
A
Behavioral Systems
16
Q
Theory of Ida Jean Orlando-Pelletier
A
Deliberative Nursing Process Theory - dynamic NPR
17
Q
Theory of Patricia Benner
A
Stages of Clinical Competence
18
Q
Theory of Betty Neumann
A
Neumann Systems Model
19
Q
Theory of Leavell and Clark
A
Level of Preventions
20
Q
Primary level of prevention
A
Prevent dse of the well-person
21
Q
Secondary level of prevention
A
Early detection and prompt treatment
22
Q
Tertiary level of prevention
A
Rehabilitation and minimize damage
23
Q
Levels of prevention: MMR
A
Primary
24
Q
Levels of prevention: Isolation of pt w/ measles
A
Primary
25
Levels of prevention: Minimizing exposure
Primary
26
Levels of prevention: Anticipatory guidance for growing children
Primary
27
Levels of prevention: Papsmear
Secondary
28
Levels of prevention: Calling poison control for ingestion of muriatic acid
Secondary
29
Levels of prevention: Adm of anti-tetanus to pt w/ puncture wound
Secondary
30
Levels of prevention: Adm thrombolytic ff an MI
Secondary
31
Levels of prevention: Teaching how to prep oresol
Secondary
32
Levels of prevention: Isolation of pt undergoing chemo
Tertiary
33
Levels of prevention: Teaching foot care to DM pt
Tertiary
34
Levels of prevention: Intake of anti-HTN meds
Tertiary
35
RA 9173
Philippine Nursing Act of 2002
36
Definition of Health (WHO)
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
37
In this model, disease results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to that host.
Epidemiologic Triad - agent, host, environment
38
Describes a health grid in which a health axis and anenvironmental axis intersect. The grid demonstrates the interaction of theenvironment with the illness–wellness continuum
DUNN’S HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS GRID
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR7FCCO0GX_ANAcQWmZKWDuJk4qd6tZdBU3BpEM0HAeXqX1lGSAgLQK87I&s=10
39
The individual’s state of health is one of continual change; moves back and forth from health to illness and back to health again.
THE HEALTH-ILLNESS CONTINUUM
40
Illness
Subjective feeling; pt’s experience of ill health
41
Disease
Actual alteration in the normal function of the body; objective
42
Stages of Illness Behavior
Symptom experience
Assumption of sick role
Medical Care Contract
Dependent Patient Role
Recovery/Rehab
43
Stage of Illness Behavior where pt believes that something is wrong
Symptom experience
44
Priority during symptom experience
Management of symptoms
45
Stage of Illness Behavior where pt seek advice, self mgt, or leave from work
Assumption of sick role
46
Stage of Illness Behavior where pt accept or reject treatment
Dependent patient role
47
Stage of Illness Behavior where pt is ready to accept health teachings
Recovery/Rehabilitation
48
Stress
nonspecific response of the body to any demand
49
Stressor
Factor or agent producing stress, maybe: physiological, psychological, social, environmental, developmental, spiritual or cultural and represent an unmet needs
50
General Adaptation Syndrome phases
Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
51
Alarm
Upon perceiving a stressor, the body reacts with a “fight-or-flight” response and the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated as the body’s resources are mobilized to meet the threat or danger.
52
Resistance
The body resists and compensates as the parasympathetic nervous system attempts to return many physiological functions to normal levels while body focuses resources against the stressor and remains on alert.
53
Exhaustion
If the stressor or stressors continue beyond the body’s capacity, the resources become exhausted and the body is susceptible to disease and death.
54
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Constrict pupils
Parasympathetic Nerves
55
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate saliva
Parasympathetic Nerves
56
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Slow Heartbeat
Parasympathetic Nerves
57
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Constrict AW
Parasympathetic Nerves
58
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate activity of stomach
Parasympathetic Nerves
59
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate gallbladder
Parasympathetic Nerves
60
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate activity of intestines
Parasympathetic Nerves
61
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Contract bladder
Parasympathetic Nerves
62
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Dilate pupils
Sympathetic Nerves
63
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit salivation
Sympathetic nerves
64
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Increase heartbeat
Sympathetic nerves
65
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Relax AW
Sympathetic
66
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit activity of stomach
sympathetic
67
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit gallbladder
sympathetic
68
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit activity of intestines
sympathetic
69
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
sympathetic
70
Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Relax bladder
sympathetic
71
Local Adaptation Syndrome
Response of a body tissue, organ or part to the stress of trauma, illness or other physiological change
72
Inflammatory Response
stimulated by trauma or infection. This response localizes the inflammation, thus revenging its spread and promotes healing.
73
Cardinal signs of inflammation
Rubor (redness)
Calor (heat)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Loss of function
74
Type of exudates: Serous
clear, thin and watery plasma. It’s normal during the inflammatory stage of wound healing
75
Types of exudates: Sanguinous
fresh bleeding; bloody
76
Serosanguineous
thin, watery and pale red to pink in color.
77
Seropurulent
thin, watery, cloudy and yellow to tan in color.
78
Purulent
thick and opaque exudate that is tan, yellow, green or brown in color; pus
79
Primary Intention
Uncomplicated healing of a non-infected, well-approximated wound is defined as primary healing. e.g. Surgical wounds.
80
Secondary Intention
occurs when the sides of the wound are not opposed, therefore healing must occur from the bottom of the wound upwards.
81
Thermoregulation: Anterior hypothalamus
Controls heat loss
82
Thermoregulation: Posterior hypothalamus
Controls heat production
83
Increase of 1 degree C corresponds to …
12% increase in chemical reaction
84
Errors in BP assessment: Cuff too wide
Falsely low reading
85
Errors in BP assessment: Cuff too narrow
Falsely high reading
86
Errors in BP assessment: Cuff too loose
Falsely high reading
87
Errors in BP assessment: Arm unsupported
Falsely high
88
Errors in BP assessment: Insufficient rest
Falsely high
89
Errors in BP assessment: Deflating cuff too slowly
Falsely high diastolic reading
90
Errors in BP assessment: Deflating cuff too quickly
Falsely low systolic and falsely high diastolic
91
Errors in BP assessment: Arm below heart level
falsely high
92
Errors in BP assessment: Arm above heart level
falsely low
93
Errors in BP assessment: Repeating assessment too quickly
falsely high diastolic reading
94
One method of determining whether a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; people suspected of TB, pedia pts who cant expectorate sputum
Mantoux tuberculin skin test
95
Gold standard for detection of TB; 2 specimen, 1 hour apart
Sputum test
96
below-normal level of oxygen in your blood, specifically in the arteries
Hypoxemia
97
low levels of oxygen in your body tissues.
Hypoxia
98
Early signs of Hypoxia
restlessness, lightheadedness , tachycardia, tachypnea, increased rate and depth of respiration, increased systolic BP
99
Late sign of hypoxia
Bradycardia, dyspnea, clubbing of fingers, cyanosis
100
Nasal Cannula
21-45% (1-6 lpm)
101
Simple Face Mask
40-60% (5-10 lpm)
102
Partial Rebreathing Mask
60-90% (6-10 lpm)
103
Non-rebreathing mask
95-100% (10-15lpm)
104
Cannula: 14G
Orange
Emergency blood transfusion, fluid replacement, surgeries, and trauma cases.
105
Cannula Size 16G
Medium Grey
emergency blood transfusion, intravenous fluid replacement, surgeries where rapid results are needed. The uses are similar to the 14G.
106
Cannula size 17G
White
rapid fluid replacement, blood transfusion, surgery, and trauma.
107
Cannula size 18G
Deep Green
blood transfusions, fluid replacement, large fluid volume, trauma cases, parenteral nutrition, and stem cell harvesting, major surgeries.
108
Cannula size 20G
Pink
transfusion of blood and intravenous fluids. It is the most commonly used cannula in clinical settings
109
Cannula size 22G
Deep Blue
most paediatric cases, and for smaller veins for transfusion of fluids, blood. Also used in the elderly and oncology patients.
110
Cannula size 24G
Yellow
infusion for neonates, and also children, older patients, routine blood transfusion.
111
Cannula 26G
Violet
neonates and paediatrics.
112
Unintended administration of a non-vesicant drug or fluid onto the subcutaneous tissue. May be caused by puncture of the vein during venipuncture, dislodgment of the catheter, or a poorly secured infusion device
Infiltration
113
S/s of Infiltration
§ Coolness of the skin around site
§ Skin balancing, tautness (feel tight)
§ Edema at insertion site
§ Leakage at insertion site
§Absence of or pinkish blood return
Difference in size of opposite hand or arm
114
Unintended administration of vesicant drug or fluid into the subcutaneous tissue
Extravasation
115
S/s of Extravasation
§ Coolness of the skin around site
§ Skin balancing, tautness (feel tight)
§ Edema at insertion site
§ Leakage at insertion site
§ Absence of or pinkish blood return
§ Difference in size of opposite hand or arm
§ Burning, stinging pain
§ Redness followed by blistering, tissue necrosis, and ulceration
116
Inflammation of the vein
Phlebitis
117
Cause of Mechanical phlebitis
too large catheter
118
Cause of chemical phlebitis
irritating vesicants solutions or medications
119
Cause of bacterial phlebitis
poor aseptic technique during insertion, break in the integrity of the IV equipment
120
s/s of phlebitis
§ Redness at the site
§ Skin warm
§ Swelling
§ Palpable cord along vein
§ Inc in temp
121
Nursing intervention: BT rx febrile, nonhemolytic
Stop transfusion.
Adm antipyretic as ordered.
Monitor temp every 4hrs
122
Nursing intervention: BT rx Acute hemolytic transfusion rx
Stop transfusion.
Remove blood products and tubing.
Maintain IV access.
Notify doctor.
123
Nursing intervention: BT rx Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Monitors labs for anemia.
If detected, refer.
124
Nursing intervention: BT rx allergic rx (mild-moderate)
Stop tranfusion.
Notify doctor and bloodbank.
Adm antihistamine as ordered
monitor vs q15
transfusion may continue if fever,dyspnea, wheezing not present
125
Nursing intervention: BT rx allergic rx (severe)
LIFE THREATENING
Stop transfusion.
Maintain IV access.
Notify doctor and bloodbank.
Adm antihistamine, corticosteroids, epinephrine, and antipyretic as ordered.
VS until stable.
CPR PRN
126
Nursing intervention: BT rx graft vs host dse
adm methotrexate and corticosteroids as ordered.
127
Nursing intervention: BT rx circulatory overload
slow/stop transfusion as ordered
elevate hob
notify doctor
adm diuretics as ordered
128
Nursing intervention: BT rx infection dse transmission
stop transfusion
Remove blood product and tubing
maintainiv access
notify doctor and bloodbank
monitor vs
blood culture
adm ivf, antibiotics, vasopressin, and steroids as ordered
129
Nursing intervention: BT rx iron overload
monitor for heart failure, cardiac disorder, serum transferrin
130
Kwashorkor: Deficiency
CHON
131
Kwashorkor: Cause
Starvation
132
Kwashorkor: Major features
Edema
133
Kwashorkor: weight
normal/ overweight
134
Kwashorkor: facial appearance
moonface
135
Marasmus: deficiency
Calories
136
Marasmus: cause
improper food practices
137
Marasmus: major features
wasting
138
Marasmus: weight
underweight
139
Marasmus: facial appearance
old man’s face
