FO103

Question 1

What is the velocity vector?

Answer 1

Where the aircraft is going. It is roughly approximated with the nose of the aircraft.

Question 2

What is the lift vector?

Answer 2

The force used to make the aircraft turn. Its position is straight out the top of the canopy.

Question 3

How do you control placement of the velocity vector? What about lift vector?

Answer 3

Velocity vector with flight controls.

Lift vector with ailerons.

Question 4

How do you change the magnitude if the velocity vector? Lift vector?

Answer 4

Airspeed for the velocity vector

Elevator/changing G forces for lift vector

Question 5

What is angle off?

Answer 5

The angle between number 1’s heading and number 2’s heading. Also called heading crossing angle (HCA)

Question 6

What is aspect angle?

Answer 6

Angle between the longitudinal axis of number 1 to number 2. Its expressed in degrees in multiples of 10.

Question 7

What is the 3/9 line?

Answer 7

Line extending out aircraft’s lateral axis (wingtip to wingtip). Number 2 must remain behind this line during maneuvering.

Question 8

What’s turning circle?

Answer 8

Arc you’re flying as you turn where center is the center of the turning circle.

Question 9

What is lead pursuit?

Answer 9

Placing your velocity vector in front of number 1

Question 10

What is pure pursuit?

Answer 10

Placing your velocity vector in number 1

Question 11

What is lag pursuit?

Answer 11

Placing your velocity vector behind number 1.

Question 12

What makes pursuit curve relationships valid?

Answer 12

Must be on same side of turning circle as number 1.

Question 13

What are the effects of lead, pure and lag pursuit with number 1 in a turn?

Answer 13

1. Lead +aspect angle, +closure, -angle off
2. Pure + closure only
3. Lag -aspect angle, -closure, +angle off

Question 14

What is line of sight?

Answer 14

Line from eyes to target.

Question 15

What is line of sight rate?

Answer 15

How quickly line of sight is moving. It’s associated with movement in direction of canopy.

Question 16

What is a pitchout?

Answer 16

A turn by both aircraft of approximately 180 deg using approximately 60 deg bank.

Question 17

What is the pitchout visual signal?

Answer 17

Engine run up

Question 18

How much does number 2 delay their turn for pitchout?

Answer 18

Prebriefed time (normally 5 seconds).

Question 19

A 2-3 second delay for a pitchout results in how much spacing? A 5 second delay for a pitchout results in how much spacing?

Answer 19

1000-1500’

3000’

Question 20

What are pitchouts used for?

Answer 20

Making spacing between number 1 and number 2. For practice rejoin or individual landings.

Question 21

How does number 1 execute a pitchout?

Answer 21

Signal.  
Get acknowledgement from 2.  
Clear in turn direction.  
Roll into 60 deg bank.  
Turn 180 deg.

Question 22

Can the degrees of turn for a pitchout be adjusted?

Answer 22

Yes, for weather, area orientation

Question 23

How does number 2 execute a pitchout?

Answer 23

Acknowledge 
Get spacing time
Keep number 1 in sight
Clear and perform matching turn 
Roll out behind and below number 1's wake turbulence

Question 24

When a pitchout is not feasible what does taking spacing mean?

Answer 24

Number 2 drops back to briefed spacing by using power, speed brake and maneuvering

Question 25

What is a turning rejoin?

Answer 25

A constant bank turn flown by number 1 so number 2 can use geometry and power to resume fingertip.

Question 26

How long should number 1 wait after completing pitchout to allow number 2 to roll out in trail?

Answer 26

At least 5 seconds. It can be increased for ops check or to adjust area orientation.

Question 27

How do you signal for rejoin visually?

Answer 27

Large wing rock (60 deg or more) and start 30 deg bank turn in direction of rejoin.

Question 28

What airspeed and bank angle should you fly for a rejoin?

Answer 28

180 KIAS or briefed airspeed, 30 deg of bank. If change rejoin airspeed by 10 knots or more call new airspeed.

Question 29

Where should number 2 appear on the inside of your turn in a rejoin?

Answer 29

Just below the horizon at approximately a 3 to 4.5 aspect.

Question 30

What two considerations must you have for leading a rejoin?

Answer 30

Area orientation and sun location

Question 31

How should you place the sun for rejoins?

Answer 31

Point to the left of the sun for left turning rejoins and right of the sun for right turning rejoins.

Question 32

What does number 2 do in a turning rejoin?

Answer 32

Go back to route position followed by fingertip position once in route.

Question 33

How does number 2 do the rejoin?

Answer 33

Turn in same direction as number 1 and increase airspeed by 20 KIAS above rejoin airspeed and establish lead pursuit until at desired aspect angle.

Question 34

What is the reference to reduce lead pursuit when doing a rejoin?

Answer 34

Vertical stabilizer of number 1 bisects outside wing

Question 35

What will happen if you use too much lead pursuit?

Answer 35

It will increase aspect angle and closure quickly, force you to remove your bank, and increase your angle off so you'll need a large heading correction.

Question 36

What is the proper rejoin line?

Answer 36

Approximately a 30 deg aspect angle on number 1.

Question 37

If aspect angle is too high what will number 1's vertical stabilizer seem to be in reference to the wing? Too low?

Answer 37

Toward wingtip. | Toward wing root.

Question 38

How do you correct for high aspect (ahead of the line)?

Answer 38

Reduce bank to reduce lead pursuit.

Question 39

How do you correct for low aspect (behind the line)?

Answer 39

Increase bank slightly to generate more lead pursuit and check that airspeed is not slow.

Question 40

How much lead pursuit and closure should you begin with?

Answer 40

Moderate amount and 20-30 knots of closure.

Question 41

How do you control your airspeed in rejoin?

Answer 41

Power and speed brake.