Focal Neurological Signs

Question 1

Third nerve palsy:
Ptosis
Mydriasis (dilated pupil)
Down + put

Answer 1

SAH due to PCOM rupture

Question 2

Sixth nerve palsy:

Convergent squint and/or failure to abduct eye

Answer 2

Longest intracranial course
Direct compression by mass
Indirect compression by raised ICP

Question 3

Twelfth nerve palsy:

Tongue deviation

Answer 3

Carotid artery dissection

Question 4

Horner’s syndrome:
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhydrosis

Answer 4

Interruption of ipsilateral sympathetic pathway
Causes:
Carotid dissection
Cavernous sinus lesion