focus question 1

Question 1

what are the ways to classify an injury

Answer 1

the cause of the injury or the type of body tissue damaged

Question 2

categories for injuries classified by cause

Answer 2

direct injury
indirect injury
overuse injury

Question 3

categories for injuries classified by the type of body tissue damages

Answer 3

soft tissue injury
hard tissue injury

Question 4

direct injury

Answer 4

caused by direct forces generated from outside the body

Question 5

examples of a direct injury

Answer 5

dislocation
fractures
sprains
bruises

Question 6

indirect injury

Answer 6

caused by an intrinsic force (inside the body)

Question 7

causes of indirect injury

Answer 7

inadequate warm ups
ballistic movements
excessive movement
fault in execution of a skill
excessive strain being placed on muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Question 8

overuse injury

Answer 8

intense or unreasonable use of joints or body areas, and are provoked by repetitive low impact exercises

Question 9

examples of overuse injury

Answer 9

anterior shin splints
tendonitis

Question 10

how are overuse injuries treated

Answer 10

initially treated using the RICER method
prolonged rest may be necessary for full recovery

Question 11

types of soft tissue injury

Answer 11

acute
chronic (prolonged)

Question 12

acute soft tissue injuries + examples

Answer 12

occurring suddenly
sprains
strains
dislocation, subluxation
torn cartilage
contusions
abrasions

Question 13

prolonged soft tissue injury + examples

Answer 13

many of the same types of injury, but their severity necessitates a longer rehabilitation
tears
contusions

Question 14

hard tissue injury

Answer 14

cause damage to bones and teeth
the most common hard tissue injury is a fracture

Question 15

primary and secondary injuries

Answer 15

new injury : primary
injury occurring as a result of a previous injury not being properly treated or fully healed : secondary

Question 16

what syllabus dot points go under “soft tissue injuries” (Q1)

Answer 16

• tears, sprains, contusions
• skin abrasions, lacerations, and blisters
• inflammatory response

Question 17

what syllabus dot points fall under “ways to classify sports injuries” (Q1)

Answer 17

• direct and indirect
• soft and hard tissue
• overuse

Question 18

what is a tear

Answer 18

when tissue is excessively stretched or severed, and is broken up into strains and sprains

Question 19

what is the difference between a strain and a sprain

Answer 19

a sprain occurs in the ligament, whilst a strain is in the tendon (T for tendon)

Question 20

what is a contusion

Answer 20

the result of impact with another player or object, leaving disruptions to blood flow to surrounding tissue

Question 21

what are abrasions + treatment

Answer 21

a form of skin trauma
skinned area may be imbedded with dirt and foreign materials –> gentle cleansing and sterilisation required to prevent infection

Question 22

what are lacerations + treatment

Answer 22

a form of skin trauma where flesh has incurred an irregular tear
lacerations larger than 1cm need to be referred to a doctor
mouth lacerations need a thorough inspection –> sucking on ice assists in the control of bleeding and swelling

Question 23

what is a blister + treatment

Answer 23

a collection of fluid below or within the epidermal layer of the skin –> fluid can be clear or blood

management involves rest for 24hrs
if fluid still remains, it may need to be surgically released, and a donut pas applied
torn blisters : wash with soap and warm water, and apply a liquid antiseptic

Question 24

what is the inflammatory response

Answer 24

when the body activates a self-healing process
measured in phases 1-3

Question 25

what is phase 1 of the inflammatory response

Answer 25

the inflammatory stage pain, redness, and swelling occurs around the injured area and can result in a loss of function and mobility --> increased blood flow to the area leaking fluid causes swelling (oedema)

Question 26

what is phase 2 of the inflammatory response

Answer 26

the repair and regenerative stage may last from 3 days - 6 weeks involves the formation of new fibres, the elimination of debris, and the production of scar tissue

Question 27

what is phase 3 of the inflammatory response

Answer 27

the remodelling stage can last from 6 weeks - many months increased production of scar tissue and the replacement tissue needs to strengthen and develop

Question 28

what happens if replacement tissue is not formed in the correct amount of time (phase 3 inflammatory response)

Answer 28

excessive exercise too early causes further damage too little exercise allows scar tissue to form, which reduces strength and flexibility

Question 29

what procedures are used to manage soft tissue injuries

Answer 29

RICER - rest, ice, compression, elevation, referral no HARM - heat, alcohol, running, massage

Question 30

what syllabus dot points fall under "hard tissue injuries" (Q1)

Answer 30

- fractures - dislocations

Question 31

what are the types of fractures

Answer 31

simple - bone breaks, but remains under the skin compound - bone breaks, and protrudes through the skin

Question 32

how do you manage fractures

Answer 32

use of DRSABCD control bleeding treat shock use of a splint/bandage to immobilise the area

Question 33

what is a dislocation

Answer 33

the bone comes out of the joint and remains out until it is physically reinserted by a qualified practitioner

Question 34

how do you manage dislocations

Answer 34

securing with a splint to fully immobilise the injury (finger) elevation, and support using a bandage and ice

Question 35

overall management of hard tissue injuries

Answer 35

slings splints position of comfort support ice

Question 36

what is focus question 1, and the syllabus dot points under it

Answer 36

how are sports injuries classified and managed? - ways to classify sports injuries - soft tissue injuries - hard tissue injuries - assessment of injuries

Question 37

what procedure is used to make an assessment of an injury

Answer 37

DRSABCD in the first instance TOTAPS talk, observe, touch, active movement, passive movement, skill test

Question 38

talk (TOTAPS)

Answer 38

finding out what happened, and the nature of the injury ask questions like : what is your pain on a scale of 1-10? did you hear a crack/snap etc?

Question 39

observe (TOTAPS)

Answer 39

looking at the injury to see if there are any obvious signs of swelling or deformities if you think it is swollen, compare to the other side of the body

Question 40

touch (TOTAPS)

Answer 40

gently feeling the injury for any signs of deformity or swelling, and trying to pinpoint the area of pain

Question 41

active movement (TOTAPS)

Answer 41

asking the player to perform a range of joint movements (flextion, extension, rotation), and if they can be done without pain further assessment can proceed

Question 42

passive movement (TOTAPS)

Answer 42

the assessor physically mobilises the joint (flexion, extension, rotation), with the aim of identifying painful areas and any instability in the joint

Question 43

skill test (TOTAPS)

Answer 43

the player is asked to perform a skill that is required during the game (e.g sidestep), and if they are able to perform they may return to the game