Focus Questions - Unit 2 Flashcards
Over time, three types of charters - and three types of colonies - developed.
Royal Colonies, Proprietary Colonies, Joint-Stock Colonies
Why were English colonies different from French and Spanish colonies?
Spain, for instance, were governed by autocratic sovereigns whose rule was absolute; their colonists went to America as servants of the Crown. The English colonists, on the other hand, enjoyed far more freedom and were able to govern themselves as long as they followed English law and were loyal to the king.
What happened in 1588 that was significant for England?
In 1588, Spain’s King Philip II ordered a naval invasion of England. Philip’s Spanish Armada of 124 ships, 27,000 men, and 1,100 guns departed from Lisbon on May 30, 1588. England meanwhile, led by Queen Elizabeth I, readied a counterforce of 197 vessels, 16,000 men, and 2,000 guns.
Who is King James I and King James II. Why were they important?
James II was the second surviving son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. He was formally created duke of York in January 1644.
What were the problems settlers faced at Jamestown?
Swampy location caused outbreaks of malaria and dysentary, Starvation, and trading disagreements with the local native americans
Who is Captain John Smith and why was he so important?
Captain John Smith was an adventurer, soldier, explorer and author. Through the telling of his early life, we can trace the developments of a man who became a dominate force in the eventual success of Jamestown and the establishment of its legacy as the first permanent English settlement in North America.
How did the colony of Jamestown change over time? What did it become?
In 1698, the central statehouse in Jamestown burned down, and Middle Plantation, now known as Williamsburg, replaced it as the colonial capital the following year
What was the motivation behind the founding of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Most of the citizens of Plymouth were fleeing religious persecution and searching for a place to worship as they saw fit, while wanting the groups around them to adhere to their beliefs, rather than being entrepreneurs like many of the settlers of Jamestown in Virginia.
What were the beliefs of the dissenters from the Anglican Church?
The dissenters were those English Protestants who refused to conform to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of the Church of England as laid down in the 1662 Act of Uniformity.
Who were the Separatists? What were their beliefs and what did they become known as? Where did they settle?
The Separatists were a group that left England because they wanted to worship freely. (aka The Pilgrims) They established a colony in North America because they were out of the jurisdiction of England and knew they could worship freely
What are the differences between Separatists and Puritans?
Puritans were English Calvinists who sought to reform, or purify, the Church of England. Separatists were English Calvinists who sought to separate from the Church of England, which they felt was beyond reform.
What are some important events that happened during early hardships in the Plymouth Colony?
When the pilgrims landed in Plymouth, many of them were already weak from disease and a lack of food. The voyage had been long and they were short on supplies. Over the course of the winter, the colony lost almost half of its people due to disease and starvation
Who was an important religious leader who led dissenters to found the city of Boston, Massachusetts?
John Winthrop led people to establish the city there.
Who is Ann Hutchinson and what happened to her?
religious liberal who became one of the founders of Rhode Island after her banishment from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Died in a raid in New York (1643)
What is the Great Migration?
Between 1630 and 1643, over 20,000 English men, women and children sailed to the new Massachusetts Bay Colony in what became known as the “Great Migration.” In contrast to the Pilgrims, or Separatists, who had established a colony at Plymouth some ten years earlier
