Focused Patient Assessment Flashcards
Cornonary Artery Disease (16 cards)
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
Coronary Artery Disease occurs when the arteries become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque, and is mostly caused by Atherosclerosis.
What is Atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a systemic lipid-driven inflammatory disease of the medium and large arteries.
How is a Myocardial infarction caused?
A Myocardial infarction is caused by the buildup of plaque on the walls of the arteries, which causes an occlusion of the artery. When the plaque ruptures, blood clots form, causing a lack of blood flow.
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Acute Coronary syndrome represents a spectrum of three dangerous conditions that constitute a medical emergency and result from the sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart.
What are the three types of Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)
ST Elvation MI (STEMI)
Unstable Angina
What are some signs and symptoms of ACS?
Heavy, crushing substernal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Last more than 10 minutes not relieved by GTN
Radiating pain to the shoulders, arms and jaw
Diaphoresis, pale and clammy
What is ischemia?
Ischemia is the inadequate blood supply where cells cannot conduct their normal function.
What is Unstable Angina?
Unstable angina is the sudden cause of chest pain, often while resting, lasting for a longer period of time, caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart.
What is an Elevated Myocardial Infarction?
An Elevated Myocardial infarction is the complete blockage of the arteries in the lower chambers, causing heart damage.
What is a Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction?
A Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction is the partial blockage of an artery less severe than an STEMI.
What is GTN?
Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) is a medication used to treat chest pain caused by angina.
What is Angina?
Angina is chest pain due to a lack of blood flow to the heart muscles.
What are the symptoms of stable Angina?
Heavy, crushing substeranl pain or tightness across the chest.
Brought on by extortion or stress.
Relieved from rest and GTN.
What is Pericarditis?
Pericarditis is the inflammation, swelling and irritation of the pericardium.
What is Aortic Dissection
Aortic Dissection is when the innermost layer of the aorta is breached, allowing blood to enter the medial layer of the vessel, creating a false lumen.
What is Heart Failure?
Heart failure is an abnormality of cardiac structure or function, leading to failure of the heart’s ability to deliver oxygen at a sufficient rate to meet metabolic needs, despite normal filling pressure.
