fold mountains Flashcards
(67 cards)
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🌍 Fold Mountains & Plate Tectonics – Flashcards
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📘 1. What causes tectonic plates to move?
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Answer:
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Movement is driven by convection currents in the mantle.
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Hot magma rises
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spreads beneath the lithosphere
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🏔️ 2. What happens when plates collide (converge)?
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Answer:
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Rocks are compressed and folded upward.
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This process is called orogeny – the formation of fold mountains.
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🌊 3. How do oceanic-continental plate boundaries form fold mountains?
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The denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the lighter continental plate.
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The continental plate buckles upward into a fold mountain.
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Example: Andes Mountains – formed by the Nazca and South American Plates.
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🇮🇪 4. What happened during the Caledonian folding in Ireland?
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Occurred 450 million years ago.
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Collision between the North American and Eurasian Plates.
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Formed the Wicklow Mountains (e.g. Lugnaquilla
925m).
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Mountains were once as tall as the Alps
now worn down by erosion.
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Exposed granite batholith formed from trapped magma.
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🇮🇪 5. What happened during the Armorican folding?
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Took place 250 million years ago.
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Caused by collision of African and Eurasian Plates.
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Created east-west fold mountains in Munster
e.g. Carrauntuohil (1
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Rocks involved: limestone and sandstone.
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🏔️ 6. What happens when two continental plates collide?
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Neither plate subducts; both push upward.
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Forms very high fold mountains like the Himalayas.
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Indian Plate collided with Eurasian Plate.
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Mount Everest (8
848m) is rising a few cm each year.
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🔬 7. How does plate tectonics explain the distribution of fold mountains?
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Fold mountains occur at active plate boundaries.
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Understanding plate movement (collision and subduction) explains where and why they form.
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Examples: Andes
Himalayas
