Folds

Question 1

what are folds

Answer 1

-the ductile deformation of rocks after being deposited or emplaced

-response to ex or internal compressional stresses

Question 2

what is ductile deformation

Answer 2

shape change of a material through bending or flowing during which chemical bonds may become broken but subsequently reformed into new bonds

Question 3

effect of folds

Answer 3

impacts:

-conceptual model of geology

-outcrops

-overall map view expression

Question 4

basic description of folds

Answer 4

-synforms (synformals), ‘u’ shape

-antiforms (antiformals), ‘n’ shape

Question 5

strata aging of syn/antiforms

Answer 5

-anticlines, folds where stratigraphy gets older towards the middle of the fold

synclines, folds where the stratigraphy gets younger towards the middle of the fold

Question 6

axial plane

Answer 6

-imaginary surface bisecting the fold into two equal limbs dipping generally in opposite directions to each other

-for complex folds, plane dont need to be straight but can curve

Question 7

axial trace

Answer 7

line of intersection between axial plane and lanscape

Question 8

monocline

Answer 8

-folds with only one dipping limb (rather than two)

-limbs of a monocline joins two regions of horizontal to gently dipping strata

-has 2 axial planes