Food Flashcards
(34 cards)
Three main functions of food in the body
- Growth and development
- Provision of energy
- Repair and maintenance of energy cells
What is Caramelisation
Browning process caused by heat in sucrose
E.g toffees
What is dextrinisation
Browning produced by action of heat on starch
E.g bread and cakes
What is Crystallisation
Sugar is desolated into a liquid then heated. The liquid evaporates leaving the sugar to clump together
E.g boiled lollies
What is gelatinisation
Thickening or setting food. Starch and protein are used to thicken food
E.g cornflower to thicken gravy
What is denaturalisation
When the structure of the protein is altered in an irreversible way
E.g whisking eggs
What is Coagulation
When protein thickens and turns into a semi-solid mass
E.g scrambled eggs
What is syneresis
Seen when protein squeezes out the liquid product
E.g weeping of liquid from meringue on top of a lemon meringue pie
What is emulsification
The dispersal of fat and oil throughout a liquid
E.g mayonnaise
What are the 6 components of food?
Protein
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Fibre
What if the role of protein in the body
Building and repair of all hard and soft tissue such as bone, teeth, muscle tissue and organs
What is the role of carbohydrates in the body
Source of energy in all cells of the body
What role does Vitamins play in the body
Cell division and growth
Healing wounds and burns
What role does minerals play in the body
Formation of bones and teeth
Fluid and electrolyte balance
What role does water play in the body
Maintain body temperature
To move waste from body
Carry nutrients around the body
What role does fibre play in the body
To keep the digestive system healthy
Stabilises glucose and cholesterol levels
What is under nutrition
Individuals are malnourished, or suffer from undernutrition if their diet does not provide them with adequate calories and protein for maintenance and growth, or they cannot fully utilize the food they eat
What is over nutrition
The amount of nutrients exceeds the amount required for normal growth
Examples of under nutrition related Deseases
Anaemia
Anorexia
Bulimia
Examples of over nutrition related diseases
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes
Colon cancer
Outline the dietary guidelines
- plenty of vegetables, legumes and fruits
- plenty of cereals
- include lean meat, fish and poultry
- include milks, yogurts and cheeses
- drink plenty of water
- limit sat fat
- choose low salt
- moderate sugars
Foods recommended for pregnancy/lactation
Protein
Iron
Calcium
Folate
Foods recommended for infancy
Breast milk
Protein
Calcium
Foods recommended for childhood
Energy giving foods
Protein
Calcium
Water
