Food and Digestion

Question 1

Ingestion

Answer 1

Food is taken into the body via eating

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Food (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) are broken down into smaller molecules both physical & chemically.

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

The smaller molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported into the cells

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

The nutrients are used in the body for growth, repair

Question 5

Egestion

Answer 5

The removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

Question 6

Explain why a balanced diet is essential for good health?

Answer 6

A balanced diet supplies the nutrients your body needs to work effectively. Without it, you can get harmful diseases.

Question 7

Identify Protein

Answer 7

This food group is needed for growth and repair

Question 8

Identify Vitamins

Answer 8

They help shore up bones, heal wounds

Question 9

Identify Lipids

Answer 9

This food group is a long term energy store

Question 10

Identify Water

Answer 10

Water helps transport nutrients to the body, control body temperature and support many of the body’s chemical reactions

Question 11

Identify Carbohydrates

Answer 11

This food group is used to provide energy

Question 12

Identify Dietary Fibre

Answer 12

They provide bulk for the digestive system

Question 13

Identify Minerals

Answer 13

Are the building blocks that keep the body running

Question 14

What is Deficiency?

Answer 14

Deficiency means a lack or shortage of nutrients needed for the body

Question 15

Kwashiorkor

Answer 15

Not eating enough protein or other essential vitamins and minerals

Question 16

Rickets

Answer 16

Lack of Calcium or Vitamin D

Question 17

Scurvy

Answer 17

Lack of Vitamin C

Question 18

Food Tests for Carbohydrates (sugars)

Answer 18

Benedict’s test is used to detect the presence of sugar in a solution, which changes colour when heated. The final colour may be green or yellow, or orange if there’s a little more sugar in the solution.

Question 19

Food Tests for Carbohydrates (Starch)

Answer 19

Add iodine solution to the food being tested. Foods containing starch will turn a blue-black colour

Question 20

Food Tests for Proteins

Answer 20

The biuret test is used to detect peptide bonds in proteins. Look for a purple colouration

Question 21

Food Tests for Lipids

Answer 21

Both Sudan III and Emulsion test is performed by adding Ethanol to a test tube containing food. The mixture is then added to another test tube that contains water. A cloudy indicates the presence of lipids, while an oily test means the food has been exposed to hydrochloric acid.

Question 22

Mouth

Answer 22

Digestion of food starts in the mouth. Teeth break down the food and mix it with the enzymes in saliva

Question 23

Salivary Glands

Answer 23

Creates saliva which contains important enzymes to begin the digestion system.

Question 24

Esophagus

Answer 24

This is a muscular tube. It connects your mouth with your stomach.

Question 25

Oesophagus

Answer 25

This is a muscular tube. It connects your mouth with your stomach

Question 26

Stomach

Answer 26

This is a muscular bag that mixes food and drinks with acid

Question 27

Gallbladder

Answer 27

Concentrate, store, excrete bile

Question 28

Large Intestine

Answer 28

Food that cannot be broken down - mainly fibre - passes into the large intestine. Water is absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 29

Pancreas

Answer 29

This releases enzymes into the intestines which break down carbohydrates, protein and lipids in food

Question 30

Liver

Answer 30

This releases a chemical called bile into the intestine. Bile breaks down lipids in the food

Question 31

Rectum

Answer 31

Any undigested food passes into the rectum where it is stored as faeces

Question 32

Anus

Answer 32

This is the opening at the very end of the digestive system through which faeces leaves the body

Question 33

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 33

Mechanical digestion is simply just a physical process which is not related to chemical digestion as it involves our teeth physically breaking down the food.

Question 34

Chemical Digestion

Answer 34

Chemical digestion involves chemicals like enzymes and the acid in our stomach. Different enzymes are produced by different parts of the digestive system to break down different types of food.

Question 35

Circular muscle contraction

Answer 35

Behind the bolus to prevent it from being squeezed back into the stomach

Question 36

Longitudinal muscle contraction

Answer 36

Widen the diameter and shorten the length of the tube.