food availability and selection- influences on food availability Flashcards
(44 cards)
what is food security
Food security is a human right, and it exists when all people always have access to necessary, safe, nourishing, culturally appropriate food to sustain a healthy and active life.
what are the 4 elements of food security?
- availability
- access
- stability
- utilisation
what is a staple food
A staple food may be from plant or animal sources, but because it is a main part of the diet it must be readily available throughout the year.
characteristics of a staple food
- A staple food may be from plant or animal sources.
- must be readily available throughout the year.
- heap or that the geographical location is particularly suited to its growth. Or it may mean that it can be stored or preserved so that it is available when climatic conditions are not suitable for cultivation.
- Most countries have more than one staple food.
how is native foods being incorporated now
Australia’s rich history of native foods, known as bush tucker or bush foods, has been a part of Indigenous culture for thousands of years.
CASE STUDY: KYLIE KWONG
Kylie Kwong uses indigenous ingredients and incorporated warragal greens, rosella flowers, lemon aspens, desert fruit and finger limes into her contemporary Asian dishes.
what are 3 smart farming techniques
- hydroponics
- Specialised LED bulbs
- vertical farming
what is hydroponics
Method of growing crops without soil but with nutrient-rich water
-Integrated into the space programme by NASA
-Found to grow faster and more consistently with less space
-Can reuse water
Foods- e.g., lettuce, tomato
what is Specialised LED bulbs
Produces specific wavelengths to aid in indoor plant growth.
-Maximises growth and production through proximity of light.
Foods- radishes, mustard, coriander
what is vertical farming
Farming on vertical surfaces rather than traditional, horizontal agriculture.
- Reduces labour costs through automation
- Uses less water due to recirculation
Foods- cabbage, rocket, kale
what are traditional manufacturing processes
- Fermentation
- Pickling
- salting
- smoking
what is Fermentation
Bioprocess that utilises microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi (yeasts and moulds) to produce either alcohol or acid from carbohydrate sources
e.g., kimchi, kefir, yoghurt, kombucha
what is pickling
pickling is the process of using an acidic brine to preserve a food. Poured over selected food and left in a tight jar for a few days
e.g., veggies, fruit, meat, fish
what is salting
Salting is used to draw the moisture out of food, which helps to reduce the growth of unwanted bacteria
e.g., Fish, lemon, smoked salmon
what is smoking
Smoking is a method of drying that also imparts flavor to the food
e.g., Smoked salmon (mostly meat)
what are some More Modern manufacturing processes
- Extrusion
- Pasteurisation
- Sterilisation
- Ultra-heat treatment (UHT)
what is Extrusion
Extrusion combines multiple unit operations such as mixing, heating, cooking, shaping, and forming into one integrated process
e.g., breakfast cereals, snacks, pasta, and confectionery.
what is Pasteurisation
Pasteurisation is heating the food to kill most harmful microorganisms
e.g., eggs, juice, dairy products
what is Sterilisation
Sterilisation is the physical technique of preserving food that is specially sealed and packaged in a container and exposed to high temperatures for a time to destroy its microorganisms, pathogens or not, and spores.
e.g., canned food, tuna, corn, beans
what is Ultra-heat treatment (UHT)
Ultra-heat treatment (UHT) is exposed to high temperatures then sealed in an airtight sterilized package.
e.g., flavoured milks, nut milks, alternative dairy products
what are some of the most Modern manufacturing processes
- Freeze drying
- Infar-red processing
- Irradiation
- Modified Atmosphere packaging (MAP):
- Ultra-sonification
- Ohmic Heating
- spray drying
what is freeze drying
Freeze drying: freezing the raw material, then reducing the pressure and adding heat to allow the frozen water in the material to change directly to a vapor
e.g., strawberries/fruit, astronaut food
what is Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
Modified Atmosphere packaging (MAP) is the enclosure of food in a package in which the atmosphere inside is modified to provide an ideal atmosphere for increasing shelf life and maintaining food quality.
e.g., popcorn, potato chips, nuts
what is spray drying
spray drying transformation of a fluid into dried particles
e.g., powdered milk
what is the marketplace
The Marketplace is where consumers purchase goods and services.
- Before supermarkets consumers purchased food from door-to-door sellers like the milkman or green grocers, butchers, fishmongers, and bakers.
- Today examples include Supermarkets like Coles, Woolworths, Aldi’s, IGA, specialty shops, farmers markets, corner shops.
