Food - Biomolecules

Question 1

What is food needed for?

Answer 1

Energy, Growth and repair, making chemicals needed for metabolism, continuity of Life

Question 2

Six common elements in food

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphrous, Sulfur

Question 3

5 elements present as dissolved salts…

Answer 3

Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium

Question 4

3 trace elements

Answer 4

Iron, Zinc, Copper

Question 5

Biomolecules

Answer 5

Chemcals made inside a living thing.

Question 6

4 major biomolecules in food?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Vitamns

Question 7

Elements present in Carbohydrates

Answer 7

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 8

Carbohydrates ratio

Answer 8

Cx(H₂O)y

Question 9

3 catagories of carbs

Answer 9

Monsaccharides (single), Disaccharides (Double) , Polysaccharides (many)

Question 10

Elements in lipids

Answer 10

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 11

Structure of Lipids

Answer 11

one glycerol linked to 3 fatty acid molecules

Question 12

Whats a phospholipid?

Answer 12

fat like substances where one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group or has a phosphate group added to it

Question 13

Elements present in proteins

Answer 13

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Small amounts of sulfur (depends), some may contain phosphorus and other elements.

Question 14

What are Proteins composed of?
(NOT THE ELEMENTS)

Answer 14

Amino Acids

Question 15

What bonds the amino acids together?

Answer 15

A peptide bond

Question 16

What is a peptide made of?

Answer 16

A peptide is make of less than 20 amino acids

Question 17

What is a polypeptide made of?

Answer 17

A poly peptide is composed of more than 20 amino acids

Question 18

What is a protein made of?

Answer 18

A protein is a long polypeptide (at least 200 amino acids)

Question 19

Name 3 functions of protein

Answer 19

Hair and Nails are formed from Keratin
Myosin forms muscle fibres
It provides materials for growth and repair

Question 20

Name a water soluble vitamin + give a source + give a function

Answer 20

Vitamin C
Citrus fruits, vegetables
Growth and repair of tissues

Question 21

Name a fat soluble vitamin + give a source + give a function

Answer 21

Vitamin D
Dairy products
Absorption of calcium in gut

Question 22

What is a deficiency disease of Vitamin C?

Answer 22

Scurvy (bleeding of gums + hair loss)

Question 23

What is a deficiency disease of Vitamin D?

Answer 23

Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults

Question 24

What are anabolic reactions and what do they require?

Answer 24

Anabolic reactions convert smaller molecules into larger ones. They require enzymes and use energy

Question 25

Give an example of an anabolic reaction + explain

Answer 25

Photosynthesis : glucose molecules are formed from carbon dioxide and water using enzymes and the energy from the sun.

Question 26

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 26

6H₂O + 6CO₂ ------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Question 27

Give an example of a catabolic reaction + explain

Answer 27

Respiration : glucose molecules are broken down by enzymes to form carbon dioxide and water and energy is released

Question 28

What is the chemical equation for respiration?

Answer 28

C₆H₂O₆ + 6O₂ ------> 6H₂O + 6CO₁₂ + Energy

Question 29

What's the structural role of Carbohydrates?

Answer 29

The carbohydrate cellulose is used to form plant cell walls.

Question 30

What is the structural role of protein?

Answer 30

Keratin is found in hair and nails / Myosin is found in muscle.

Question 31

What is the structural role of Lipids?

Answer 31

Lipids combine with phosphorous to form phospholipids and with protein to form lipoproteins, both used in cell membranes.

Question 32

What is the metabolic role of Carbohydrates and Lipids?

Answer 32

They are broken down during respiration to release energy

Question 33

What is the metabolic role of Proteins?

Answer 33

A metabolic role of proteins are enzymes. They are used as a catalyst in living organisms. Some hormones are also protein based and regulate metabolic reactions.

Question 34

Name 2 minerals that are required by plants + source + use

Answer 34

1. Calcium - Salts absorbed from soil - helps bind cell walls together 2. Magnesium - Salts absorbed from soil - part of structure of chlorophyll

Question 35

Name 2 minerals that are required by animals + source + use

Answer 35

1. Calcium - Milk, cheese, hard drinking water - forms teeth and bones 2. Iron - Liver, leafy green veg, red meat - part of structure of haemoglobin

Question 36

Name 3 reasons why the human body needs water

Answer 36

1. A good absorber of heat, meaning it can regulate your body temperaure. 2. Is a good solvent, meaning it allows cell reactions and a way of transport. 3. Participates in chemical reactions.