food production

Question 1

how are glasshouses useful to increase crop yields

Answer 1

provides an enclosed environments so farmers can control the the climate inside

Question 2

factors that can be manipulated in glasshouses

Answer 2

heating
lighting
CO2 cocntent
regular watering

Question 3

polythene tunnels

Answer 3

large plastic tunnels that cover crops

Question 4

what do polythene tunnels do

Answer 4

protect crops grown outside from the effect of weather
- increase temp
- prevent entry of pest

Question 5

fetillizers

Answer 5

increase amount of key nutrients in soil

Question 6

pesticides

Answer 6

chemicals kill off unwanted insects and weed species

Question 7

types of fertillizers

Answer 7

organic fertillizers
chemical fertillizers

Question 8

Organic fertiliser

Answer 8

compost or farmyard manure

Question 9

chemical fertilisers

Answer 9

applied to soil as dry granules or sprayed on in liquid form

Question 10

lack of nitrogen in plants

Answer 10

weak growth and yellowing of leaves

Question 11

lack of phosphorus in plants

Answer 11

poor root growth and discolored leaves

Question 12

use of potassium in plants

Answer 12

allows enzyme reactions to take place to produce ATP

Question 13

lack of potassium in plants

Answer 13

poor growth of flowers
brown spots on leaves

Question 14

why are weeds bad for crops

Answer 14

compete for space, water and nutrients

Question 15

why are fungi bad for crops

Answer 15

infect crop plants, and spread disease

Question 16

advantages of pesticides

Answer 16

• cheap
• accesible
• have immediate effect
• kills entire population of pests

Question 17

disadvantages of pesticides

Answer 17

• build resistance
• kill other organisms
• persistent chemicals
• repeatedly applied

Question 18

biological control

Answer 18

species introduced specifically to prey on pest

Question 19

advantages of biological control

Answer 19

no pollution
no resistance
target specific spiecies
long lasting

Question 20

disadvantages of biological control

Answer 20

• they eat other organisms
• long time to be effective
• cant kill entire population
• may not adapt to new environment

Question 21

what is yeast

Answer 21

a single celled fungus that can carry out both types of respiration

Question 22

products when yeast carries out anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

ethanol and co2

Question 23

making bread process

Answer 23

• enzymes break down starch in flour releasing sugar
• CO2 produced by yeast during anaerobic respiration is trapped in small air pockets
• dough rises and baked

Question 24

what happens to the ethanol in the bread when its baked

Answer 24

it gets evaporated

Question 25

what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called

Answer 25

fermentation

Question 26

why are bacteria useful

Answer 26

capable of producing complex molecules - reproduce rapidly

Question 27

what heat is milk pasteurised at

Answer 27

85-95 degrees celcius

Question 28

why is it important to sterilise all equipment when making yoghurt

Answer 28

to kill unwanted bacteria and prevent chemical contamination

Question 29

why would contamination of other bacteria be bad for yoghurt

Answer 29

slows down the production of yoghurt by competing with lactobacillus

Question 30

why is yoghurt incubated

Answer 30

for lactobacillus to digest milk proteins and ferment the sugar

Question 31

why is lactobacillus bacteria important for yoghurt production

Answer 31

converts lactose into lactic acid and increases the acidity and thickens milk

Question 32

what a fermenters

Answer 32

containers used to culture microorganisms like bacteria and fungi in large amounts

Question 33

what are fermenters used for

Answer 33

production of beer and yoghurt

Question 34

advantages of fermenters

Answer 34

conditions can be carefully controlled to produce large quantities of right type of microorganism

Question 35

what has led to declines in fish population

Answer 35

overfishing

Question 36

fish farms

Answer 36

ways of raising large numbers of fish in small space to provide protein

Question 37

advantages of fish farm

Answer 37

- selectively breed to ensure high quality - protect against predators - control water quality - control feeding