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Global Food Security > Food Security Measurement > Flashcards

Food Security Measurement Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

What is validity?

A

Accuracy: how close measurement is to the TRUE STATE of nature

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2
Q

Types of validity: (7)

A 
internal
external
face
sampling
criterion
predictive
construct
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3
Q

What is internal validity?

A

how true the inferences are about the study subjects

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4
Q

What is external validity?

A

generalizability of observation from a study to the population at risk (how much the results apply to outside the study group)

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5
Q

What is face validity?

A

Whether or not the measurement makes sense (intuitive)

(ex: do the interviewee/interviewer have the same understanding of terms/questions?)

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6
Q

What is sampling validity?

A

Does the measurement incorporate all/most of the aspects of the study subject
(include all aspects important to food security?)

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7
Q

What is criterion validity?

A

how well measurement corresponds to an existing standard and external criterion (compare against gold standard and other indicators)

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8
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

how well the measurement can predict future occurrence at the criterion

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9
Q

What is construct validity?

A

How well the measurement conforms to theoretical concepts for the subject
(does it align with theory?)

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10
Q

What is reliability?

A

reproducibility: the amount of agreement between results of repeated measures (of same sample)

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11
Q

T/F: validity and reliability are 2 different measures (not connected)

A

True

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12
Q

How can we improve reliability? (5)

A 
standardize measurement methods
train/certify observers
refine instruments
automate instruments
repeat measurements
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13
Q

What is error? what are the types?

A

False/mistaken results

random
systematic

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14
Q

What is random error

A

variation in measurement due to chance variation

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15
Q

What is systematic error

A

measurements that consistently stray from true value (some factor affecting it)

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16
Q

Sources of error: (4)

A

sample
individual
instrument
observer

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17
Q

Indicators of food security can be ____ and ____ _____, or _____

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A

static & dynamic determinants

outcomes

18
Q

Food security indicators relating to AVAILABILITY (5)

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A 
avg dietary energy supply adequacy
avg value of food production
% energy supply from cereals/roots/tubers
avg protein supply
avg protein % from animal origin
19
Q

Food security indicators relating to PHYSICAL ACCESS (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

% roads that are paved
road density
rail lines density

20
Q

Food security indicators relating to ECONOMIC ACCESS (1)

Study These Flashcards
A

domestic food price index

21
Q

Food security indicators relating to UTILIZATION (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

access to improved water sources

access to improved sanitation facilities

22
Q

Food security indicators relating to VULNERABILITY (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

cereal import dependency ratio
% arable land equipped for irrigation
value of food imports over total merch exports

23
Q

Food security indicators relating to SHOCKS (4):

Study These Flashcards
A

Political stability, absence of violence/terrorism
domestic food price volatility
per capita food production variability
per capita food supply variability

24
Q

Food security indicators relating to ACCESS (outcomes) (4)

Study These Flashcards
A

prevalence of undernourishment (lack of kcal)
share of food expenditure of the poor
depth of food deficit
prevalence of food inadequecy

25
Food security indicators relating to UTILIZATION (outcomes (8)
``` % kids <5yrs with wasting % kids <5yrs with stunting % kids<5yrs underweight % adults underweight anemia prevalence in preg women anemia prevalence in kids<5yrs Vit A deficiency prevalence (*forthcoming) Iodine deficiency prevalence (*forthcoming) ```
26
What is 'wasting"
low weight for height
27
What is 'stunting'
low height/weight for age
28
What is 'underweight'
low weight for age
29
What are the food security measurement methods? what does each measure? (5)
1. FAO method: food balance sheets (undernourishment) 2. Household income/expenditure survey (poverty) 3. 24hr recall (adequacy of dietary intake) 4. anthropometric indicators (child nutrition status) 5. Food insecurity experience scales (People's experience with food insecurity - the ONLY DIRECT MEASURE)
30
Most of the food insecurity measurement methods are only ____ measurements, meaning:
proxy don't measure directly; measures a connected issue that acts as an indicator
31
How many millennium development goals are there?
8
32
What are the millennium development goals?
1. eradicate extreme poverty/hunger 2. achieve universal primary education 3. promote gender equality, empower women 4. reduce child mortality 5. improve maternal health 6. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, disease 7. environmental sustainability 8. global partnership for development
33
Target set by World Food Summit 1996 for number of people undernourished:
490 million (did not reach goal by 2016)
34
Target set by Millenium Conference (2000) for % people undernourished:
11.6% (close to target)
35
T/F: the reductions in undernourishment are not reflected the same in every nation
True | some nations have more improvements than others
36
T/F: A reduction in % of undernourishment must mean that there are now less undernourished people
False; increase in population; overall % can decrease, but the actual number of undernourished people may be going up! (Africa, Oceania)
37
What questions are asked on the 24hr recall sheet for adequacy of dietary intake? (4)
Food/beverage items (for breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks) portion size Preparation method Any additions
38
How many sustainable development goals are there?
17
39
What are the sustainable development goals?
1. no poverty 2. zero hunger 3. good health/wellbeing 4. quality education 5. gender equality 6. clean water + sanitation 7. affordable and clean energy 8. decent work + economic growth 9. industry, innovation, infrastructure 10. reduced inequalities 11. sustainable cities/commities 12. responsible consumption/production 13. climate action 14. life below water 15. life on land 16. peace, justice, strong institutions 17. partnerships for the goals
40
Time period for the FIES:
over past 12 months
41
Questions for the FIES: (8)
over past 12 months, was there a time when due to lack of $ or resources: 1. worried about not enough food to eat? 2. unable to eat healthy/nutritious food? 3. ate only few kinds of food? 4. had to skip a meal? 5. ate less than you thought you should? 6. household ran out of food? 7. hungry but didn't eat? 8. didn't eat for whole day?
42
What are the categories of food insecurity, and the proportions in Canada?
``` Food secure (87.5%) Marginal insecurity (4.1%) Moderate insecurity (5.7%) Severe insecurity (2.7%) ```

Global Food Security (8 decks)

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