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Foot Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What make up the bones of the foot?

A

Tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges

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2
Q

How many bones make up the tarsus?

A

Seven; calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiforms

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3
Q

Which is the largest and strongest bone in the foot?

A

Calcaneus

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4
Q

What structure supports the head of the talus?

A

Sustentaculum tali

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5
Q

What structure bears the weight of the body transmitted from the tibia and articulates with the two malleoli?

A

Talus

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6
Q

Where can the navicular be found?

A

Between the talar head and the cuneiforms

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7
Q

What are the metatarsus made out of?

A

Five long bones

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8
Q

What do the metatarus connect?

A

Tarsus and phalanges

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9
Q

What is the longest metatarsal?

A

2nd metatarsal

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10
Q

What makes up the hindfoot?

A

Talus and calcaneus

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11
Q

What makes up the midfoot?

A

Navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms

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12
Q

What makes up the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals and phalanges

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13
Q

What is the deep fascia on the dorsum of the foot a continuation of?

A

Inferior extensor retinaculum

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14
Q

What is the deep fascia of the lateral and posterior aspects of the foot a continuation of?

A

Plantar fascia which has a thick plantar aponeurosis

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the plantar muscles?

A

Support phase of stance to maintain the arches of the foot

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16
Q

What action do the plantar interossei perform?

A

Adduction

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17
Q

What do the planter interossei arise from?

A

Single metatarsal as unipennate muscles

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18
Q

What action do the dorsal interossie perform?

A

Abduction

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19
Q

What do the dorsal interossei arise from?

A

Two metatarsals as bipennate muscles

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20
Q

What are the two closely connected muscles on the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis brevis

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21
Q

What muscles make up the first layer of the foot?

A

Abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis, and flexor digitorum brevis

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22
Q

What muscles make up the second layer of the foot?

A

Lumbricals and quadrate plantae

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23
Q

What muscles make up the third layer of the foot?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and adductor hallucis

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24
Q

What muscles make up the fourth layer of the foot?

A

Plantar interossei and dorsal interossei

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25
What is the origin of the abductor hallucis?
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis
26
Where does the abductor hallucis insert?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
27
What is the innervation of the abductor hallucis?
Medial planter nerve (S2, S3)
28
What action does the abductor hallucis perform?
Abducts and flexes great toe
29
What is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa
30
Where does the flexor digitorum brevis insert?
Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
31
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial planter nerve (S2, S3)
32
What action does the flexor digitorum brevis perform?
Flexes lateral four digits
33
What is the origin of the abductor digit minimi?
Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and inter muscular septa
34
Where does the abductor digit minimi insert?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
35
What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
36
What action does the abudctor digiti minimi perform?
Abducts and flexes 5th digit
37
What is the origin of the quadratus plantae?
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
38
Where does the quadratus plantae insert?
Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
39
What is the innervation of the quadratus plantae?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
40
What action does the quadratus plantae perform?
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
41
What is the origin of the lumbricals?
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
42
Where do the lumbricals insert?
Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits
43
What is the innervation of the lumbricals?
Medial one- medial plantar nerve (S2, S3) | Lateral three- lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
44
What action do the lumbricals perform?
Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
45
What is the origin of the flexor hallucis brevis?
Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
46
Where does the flexor hallucis brevis insert?
Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
47
What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis brevis?
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
48
What action does the flexor hallucis brevis perform?
Flexes proximal phalanx of great toe
49
What is the origin of the adductor hallucis?
Oblique head- bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals | Transverse head- plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints
50
Where does the adductor hallucis insert?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
51
What is the innervation of the adductor hallucis?
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
52
What action does the adductor hallucis perform?
Adducts great toe, also assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
53
What is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Base of 5th metatarsal
54
Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis insert?
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
55
What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
56
What action does the flexor digiti minimi brevis perform?
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
57
What is the origin of the plantar interossei?
Bases and medial sides of 3rd-5th metatarsals
58
Where do the plantar interossei insert?
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
59
What is the innervation of the plantar interossei?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
60
What action do the plantar interossei perform?
Adduct 3rd-5th digits and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
61
What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?
Adjacent sides of 1st-5th metatarsals
62
Where do the dorsal interossei insert?
First- medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit | Second to fourth- lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits
63
What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
64
What action do the dorsal interossei perform?
Abduct 2nd-4th digits and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

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