Foot Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the ankle joint also called? what bones make it up? what type of joint is it? Where is the axis of rotation?
- talocrural joint
- trochlea of talus articulates w/ inferior articular surface of tibia, medial articular surface of tibia, and articular surface of fibula
- hinge joint: 1 plane of motion
- medial to lateral
What joint gives the most amount of intertarsal movement? What plane of motion does it move in? What are the movements? Where is the axis of rotation?
- subtalar joint
- frontal plane
- inversion and eversion
- anterior to posterior
What does MTP stand for? What does IPs stand for?
- metatarsophalageal joints
- interphalageal (distal/proximal)
What are the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles? What are egs of each type of muscle?
- intrinsic: both attachments w/i the foot, supports the arch, contributes to joint movements of the foot
- extrinsic: proximal attachment is outside the foot, contributes to ankle joint movements
- intrinsic: brevis muscles
- extrinsic: longus muscles
Describe the flow of arteries of the plantar foot
from posterior tibial artery, to lateral/medial plantar artery, lateral plantar artery makes deep plantar arch, plantar metatarsal arteries from along MTs from deep plantar, and proper plantar digital arteries
Describe the flow of arteries of the dorsal foot
-the anterior tibial artery splits to dorsal pedal artery and lateral tarsal artery, dorsal to arcuate artery to dorsal MT artery, to dorsal digital artery
What are the three tibiofibular joints?
- superiorly: anterior/posterior ligaments of fibular head
- middle: interosseus membrane
- inferiorly: anterior/posterior tibiofibular ligaments
What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint? What movements does it perform? Where are the attachments?
- synovial joint
- gliding movement
- anterior aspect of fibular head to lateral condyle of tibia
What type of joint is the middle tibiofibular joint? What artery runs through it?
-syndesmoses (note the hold for the anterior tibial artery to run through)
What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint? Where are the attachments? What is its function?
- syndesmoses joint
- distal aspects of tibia and fibula
- support the inferior tibiofibular joint
What type of joint is the talocrural joint? How much ROM does it have total? What are the implications of having a wider anterior trochlea vs. posterior trochlea? What are the two sets of ligaments in this joint?
- synovial hinge joint
- 45 degrees
- plantarflexion: less bony stability and more tensile stress on ligaments to provide support
- dorsiflexion: more bony stability because wider base
- medial and lateral
What are the medial ligaments of the talocural joint? What movement damages them?
deltoid ligaments which all attach to medial malleolus:
- anterior tibiotalar
- tibionavicular
- tibiocalcanean
- posterior tibiotalar
-eversion
What are the lateral ligaments of the talocrural joint?
- all attach to lateral malleolus and extrinsic ligaments
- anterior talofibular
- calcaneofibular
- posterior talofibular
-inversion
What types of sprains occur most often? Give two reasons why. What are the 2 most damaged ligaments and what position is the foot in the sagittal plane?
- inversion sprains
- fibular is longer and have stronger deltoid ligaments medially that restrict eversion
- anterior talofibular in plantarflexion
- calcaneofibular ligament in dorsiflexion
What type of joint are the intertarsal joints? What movement do they have? What are the two main subdivisions of joints in this?
- synovial gliding joints
- dorsi/plantarflexion, eversion/inversion, abduction/adduction
- subtalar, transverse tarsal
What ligament stabilizes the talus on the calcaneus? Where does it attach? What joint is it intrinsic in?
- interosseus talocalcanean ligament
- attaches to superior calcaneus and inferior talus
- subtalar joint
What 2 joints make up the transverse tarsal joint? What is its 2 functions?
- talonavicular
- calcaneocuboid
- allows forefoot to remain in contact w/ ground during triplanr hindfoot movements
- increase movement of subtalar joint
What are the three synovial hinge joints in the foot?
- talocrural
- tarsometatarsal
- interphalangeal
What type of joint is the metatarsalphalangeal joints? What movement do they have? What ROM does the joint have?
- synovial condyloid joints
- biplanar: abduction/adduction, flexion/extension
- 70 extension to 45 flexion
What is hallux valgus? What does it do to the muscles
- change in angle of 1st metatarsalphalangeal joint
- abductor hallicus, flexor/extensor hallicus longus become adductors
What are the 3 arches of the foot and their keystone? What is their function?
- medial longitudinal; navicular
- proximal transverse arch; intermediate cuneiform
- distal transverse arch
- dampening shock absorption
Where is the spring ligament? What does it support?
- calacneus and navicular
- longitudinal arch, transverse tarsal joint, and head of talus
Where is the long plantar ligament? What does it support?
- inferior calcaneus to distal cuboid and base of lateral MTs
- supports calcaneocuboid joint
Where is the plantar aponeurosis and what does it support?
- proximal calcaneus to proximal phalanges
- supports longitudinal arch
