Foot

Question 1

Tendons of medial ankle

Answer 1

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus

Question 2

Tendons of the lateral ankle

Answer 2

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

Question 3

Tendons of dorsal foot

Answer 3

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus

Question 4

Ligaments of the medial foot

Answer 4

Spring ligament (from navicular to sustentaculum tali)
Deltoid ligament (4 separate ligaments connecting tibia to talus, calcaneus and navicular)

Question 5

Ligaments of the lateral ankle

Answer 5

PTFL
ATFL
Calcaneofibular
Lateral talocalcaneal
Dorsal calcaneocuboid

Question 6

Degrees of plantarflexion

Answer 6

40

Question 7

Degrees of dorsi flexion

Answer 7

20

Question 8

Degrees of inversion

Answer 8

20

Question 9

Degrees of eversion

Answer 9

10

Question 10

Syndesmotic ligaments of ankle

Answer 10

AiTFL
PiTFL
Transverse Inferior TFL
Interosseous

Question 11

What are the two key features of a sprain?

Answer 11

No pain with isometric mm test.

No pain with AROM

Question 12

What are the two key features of a strain?

Answer 12

Pain and weakness with isometric mm testing.

Pain with AROM

Question 13

Ottawa ankle rules state that an X-ray is needed when……

Answer 13

• Pain in malleolus zone
• Tenderness at posterior edge of lateral malleolus or at the posterior edge of the medial malleolus or the inability to bear weight for 4 steps

Question 14

Ottawa foot rules state that an X-ray is needed when……

Answer 14

• pain in the mid foot zone

- tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal, tenderness at the navicular or unable to bear weight for 4 steps

Question 15

Is a sprain or strain more localizable by patient?

Answer 15

Sprain

Question 16

Is sprain or strain more delayed in onset of pain?

Answer 16

Strain

Question 17

Order of most common ankle sprains

Answer 17

ATFL > PTFL > Deltoid lig.> Syndesmosis

Question 18

Foot position that stresses ATFL

Answer 18

Plantar flexion and inversion

Question 19

Foot position that stresses the PTFL

Answer 19

Dorsi flexion and inversion

Question 20

Foot position that stresses the deltoid ligaments

Answer 20

Eversion

Question 21

Foot position that stresses the syndesmotic ligaments

Answer 21

Eversion with fixed tib/fib such as in rigid boot

Question 22

What are the key DDxs for for an ankle sprain?

Answer 22

Fracture, dislocation, peripheral nerve entrapment, compartment syndrome, DVT, avascular necrosis, tibiotalar impingement syndrome, osteochondritis dessicans (aka joint mice)

Question 23

Possible neuropathies to consider with an ankle sprain strain

Answer 23

Fibular nerve
Tibial nerve (tarsal tunnel syndrome)
Plantar nerve (Morton’s neuroma)

Question 24

Is pes cavus or planus more likely to cause inversion ankle injury

Answer 24

Pes cavus which can also be associated with overpronation syndrome

Question 25

What is more common in peds, fracture or sprain?

Answer 25

Fracture because Epiphyseal plate weaker than ligaments

Question 26

Treatment for overpronation syndrome

Answer 26

- adjust/mobilization - foot exercises (short foot, toe walking) - taping - Pronation control shoes or orthotics