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KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the ligaments of the foot.

A

Ligaments​ ​between​ ​all​ ​phalanges,​ ​can​ ​have​ ​sprains​ ​between​ ​all

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2
Q

Describe the ankle ligaments on the medial side.

A
  • Ligament​ ​on​ ​inside​ ​of​ ​ankle​ ​is​ ​deltoid​ ​ligament:​ ​medial​ ​side​ ​(covers​ ​majority​ ​of inside​ ​of​ ​ankle)
  • Medial​ ​side​ ​of​ ​ankle​ ​is​ ​stronger
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3
Q

Describe the ankle ligaments on the lateral side.

A
  • Anterior​ ​talofibular​ ​ligament​ ​(anterior,​ ​connects​ ​talus​ ​and​ ​fibula)
  • Calcaneofibular​ ​ligament​ ​(connect​ ​calcaneus​ ​and​ ​fibula)
  • ​ ​Posterior​ ​talofibular​ ​ligament​ ​(posterior,​ ​connects​ ​talus​ ​and​ ​fibula)
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4
Q

Describe the ankle ligament on the anterior side.

A
  • Anterior​ ​inferior​ ​tibularfibular​ ​ligament
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles in the foot?

A
  • DAB muscles
  • PAD muscles
  • Muscles​ ​at​ ​lower​ ​leg​ ​that​ ​insert​ ​at​ ​foot
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6
Q

What are DAB muscles?

A

dorsal​ ​abductors​ ​(top​ ​of​ ​foot,​ ​move​ ​toes​ ​apart​ ​from​ ​each​ ​other)

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7
Q

What are PAD muscles?

A

plantar​ ​adductors​ ​(bottom​ ​of​ ​foot,​ ​bring​ ​toes​ ​in​ ​together)​ ​(ex.​ ​Toe​ ​cramps)

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8
Q

What is flat feet called?

A

pes planus foot

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9
Q

pes planus foot is the product of ______ _______.

A

excessive​ ​pronation​ ​(bottom​ ​of​ ​feet​ ​are​ ​falling​ ​flat​ ​in​ ​arch)

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10
Q

What are the causes of pes planus?

A
  • Can​ ​be​ ​born​ ​with​ ​it
  • Comes​ ​along​ ​with​ ​several​ ​other​ ​conditions​ ​(ex.​ ​Down syndrome)
  • Can​ ​get​ ​this​ ​from​ ​spraining​ ​your​ ​ankles​ ​a​ ​lot​ ​(weakens ligament​ ​that​ ​holds​ ​arch up)
  • Can​ ​get​ ​it​ ​from​ ​wearing​ ​really​ ​tight​ ​shoes​ ​(tight​ ​shoes​ ​=​ ​ligaments​ ​don’t​ ​have​ ​to work​ ​as​ ​hard,​ ​too​ ​weak​ ​to​ ​hold​ ​it​ ​up)
  • Overweight​ ​(weight​ ​bearing​ ​on​ ​arch)
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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pes planus?

A
  • Pain​ ​in​ ​arch​ ​(ache)
  • Pain​ ​in​ ​medial​ ​side​ ​of​ ​ankle
  • Weak​ ​feet
  • Feet​ ​tire​ ​quickly​ ​on​ ​arch/inside
  • Can​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​bunions​ ​(bulge​ ​bone​ ​out​ ​to​ ​the​ ​side​ ​to​ ​hold​ ​weight)
  • Knees​ ​cave​ ​in,​ ​inside​ ​of​ ​knees​ ​are​ ​weak
  • Hips​ ​cave​ ​in,​ ​hips​ ​aren’t​ ​sitting​ ​right
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12
Q

How do we manage pes planus?

A
  • No​ ​pain​ ​=​ ​do​ ​nothing
  • insoles/orthotics
  • Can​ ​be​ ​taped
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13
Q

What is pes cavus?

A
  • high arch foot
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14
Q

What are the causes of pes cavus?

A
  • generally born with it
  • rare
  • common in runners
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15
Q

How can we tell if someone has pes cavus?

A

Look​ ​at​ ​imprint​ ​of​ ​foot​ ​when​ ​wet​ ​(only​ ​see​ ​heel,​ ​ball,​ ​and​ ​toes,​ ​nothing connecting)

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pes cavus?

A
  • Can​ ​have​ ​no​ ​symptoms
  • Can​ ​have​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​tightness​ ​in​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​foot
  • Hammertoes​ ​(toes​ ​bunch​ ​up)
  • Calluses​ ​on​ ​top​ ​of​ ​toes,​ ​heels,​ ​ball​ ​of​ ​foot
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17
Q

How do we manage pes cavus?

A
  • No​ ​pain/discomfort​ ​=​ ​do​ ​nothing
  • Try​ ​to​ ​loosen​ ​structures​ ​at​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​feet
  • Roll​ ​out​ ​feet​ ​with​ ​golf​ ​ball
  • Stretch​ ​out​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​feet
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18
Q

What is the plantar fascia?

A
  • runs​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​feet,​ ​starts​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​feet,​ ​fans​ ​out​ ​to​ ​all​ ​toes
  • Shock​ ​absorption/support​ ​for​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​feet
  • Attached​ ​to​ ​achilles​ ​tendon​ ​and​ ​calf​ ​muscles
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19
Q

What is plantar fasciitis?

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia

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20
Q

How does pes cavus relate to plantar fasciitis?

A

plantar​ ​fascia​ ​is​ ​already​ ​tight​ ​(works​ ​harder​ ​because​ ​it​ ​has​ ​to​ ​spread​ ​out farther​ ​and​ ​rebound​ ​farther)

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21
Q

What makes you more likely to have plantar fasciitis?

A
  • Tends​ ​to​ ​be​ ​more​ ​common​ ​in​ ​runners​ ​(more​ ​shock​ ​to​ ​the​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​the​ ​feet, higher​ ​impact,​ ​more​ ​often)
  • Tend​ ​to​ ​have​ ​it​ ​more​ ​often​ ​if​ ​you​ ​wear​ ​unsupported​ ​footwear​ ​(no​ ​cushion​ ​for​ ​feet)
  • Tight​ ​achilles​ ​tendon​ ​or​ ​calf​ ​muscles​ ​means​ ​tight​ ​plantar​ ​fascia
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22
Q

Describe the progression of signs and symptoms for plantar fasciitis.

A
  • Burning​ ​pain​ ​on​ ​the​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​their​ ​feet
  • Starts​ ​with​ ​being​ ​sore​ ​only​ ​after​ ​activity
  • Progresses​ ​to​ ​bothering​ ​them​ ​during​ ​activity​ ​(generally​ ​last​ ​part​ ​of​ ​activity)
  • Progresses​ ​to​ ​bothering​ ​them​ ​from​ ​the​ ​beginning​ ​of​ ​activity
  • Progresses​ ​to​ ​hurting​ ​them​ ​all​ ​the​ ​time​ ​(regardless​ ​of​ ​weight​ ​bearing​ ​or​ ​not)
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23
Q

What is the tell tale sign of plantar fasciitis?

A
  • first​ ​two​ ​or​ ​three​ ​steps​ ​in​ ​the​ ​morning​ ​feel​ ​like​ ​their​ ​feet​ ​are​ ​on​ ​fire
  • then​ ​it loosens​ ​up
  • ​then​ ​at​ ​end​ ​of​ ​activity​ ​it​ ​hurts​ ​again​ ​(plantar​ ​fascia​ ​is shortened/tightened​ ​overnight,​ ​then​ ​first​ ​steps​ ​stretch​ ​it​ ​out)
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24
Q

How do we manage plantar fasciitis?

A
  • roll/stretch​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​feet
  • Roll​ ​with​ ​golf​ ​ball,​ ​frozen​ ​water​ ​bottles
  • Ultrasound
  • Massage
  • Heat​ ​feet/stretch​ ​before​ ​activity
  • Ice​ ​feet/stretch​ ​after​ ​activity
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25
How do we assess plantar fasciitis?
- Palpate​ ​plantar​ ​fascia | - Feels​ ​tight,​ ​painful​ ​when​ ​you​ ​touch​ ​it
26
What is the most common injury in the bottom?
inversion ankle sprains
27
What happens in inversion ankle sprains?
- bottom of the foot goes in | - sprains ligaments on the outside of the ankle
28
What ligaments do you hurt in an inversion ankle sprain?
- anterior​ ​talofibular​ ​ligament - calcaneofibular​ ​ligament - ​posterior​ ​talofibular ligament - grades​ ​apply​ ​to​ ​each​ ​individual​ ​ligament​ ​(can​ ​have different​ ​grades​ ​on​ ​each​ ​from​ ​same​ ​injury)
29
Which ligaments are typically injured in a grade 1 inversion ankle sprain? What happens to these ligaments?
- Predominantly​ ​anterior​ ​talofibular​ ​and​ ​calcaneofibular​ ​ligaments - stretching of a ligament
30
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 1 inversion ankle sprain?
- Mild​ ​pain - Mild​ ​inflammation - No​ ​bruising - No​ ​deformity - Tender​ ​over​ ​whichever​ ​ligament​ ​has​ ​been​ ​damaged - No​ ​laxity​ ​(movement​ ​between​ ​the​ ​bones),​ ​but​ ​special​ ​test​ ​will​ ​be​ ​painful
31
How do we manage a grade 1 inversion ankle sprain?
- Control​ ​their​ ​pain,​ ​inflammation - Ice - Compression - Should​ ​not​ ​need​ ​to​ ​limp​ ​(full​ ​function​ ​of​ ​all​ ​structures​ ​in​ ​ankle),​ ​but​ ​may limp​ ​due​ ​to​ ​pain - Make​ ​sure​ ​they​ ​are​ ​walking​ ​properly
32
Which ligaments are typically injured in a grade 2 inversion ankle sprain? What happens to these ligaments?
- More​ ​common​ ​in​ ​anterior​ ​talofibular​ ​and​ ​calcaneofibular - some tearing of fibres
33
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 2 inversion ankle sprain?
- More​ ​pain - More​ ​inflammation - Bruising - Limping - Special​ ​test:​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​laxity​ ​(more​ ​movement​ ​out​ ​of​ ​joint​ ​than​ ​you​ ​should)
34
How do we manage a grade 2 inversion ankle sprain?
- Need​ ​some​ ​sort​ ​of​ ​protection:​ ​taping,​ ​bracing​ ​etc. - RICE - Anti​ ​inflammatory - Need​ ​strengthening​ ​of​ ​joint​ ​and​ ​of​ ​supporting​ ​muscles​ ​and​ ​structures - Tubing​ ​(pulling​ ​inside​ ​or​ ​outside) - Calf​ ​raises
35
Which ligaments are typically injured in a grade 3 inversion ankle sprain? What happens to these ligaments?
- At​ ​least​ ​one​ ​of​ ​the​ ​three​ ​ligaments​ ​is​ ​torn​ ​completely​ ​(usually​ ​either​ ​the​ ​anterior talofibular​ ​or​ ​calcaneofibular​ ​ligament) - Can​ ​have​ ​avulsion​ ​fracture
36
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 3 inversion ankle sprain?
- Lots​ ​of​ ​pain - Lots​ ​of​ ​swelling - Lots​ ​of​ ​bruising - Lots​ ​of​ ​laxity - No​ ​function - Limping
37
How do we manage a grade 3 inversion ankle sprain?
- Need​ ​brace​ ​or​ ​boot - May​ ​not​ ​be​ ​weight​ ​bearing - Protect​ ​area​ ​more - Need​ ​to​ ​deal​ ​with​ ​swelling,​ ​pain,​ ​bruising - Strengthen​ ​joint
38
Why are eversion ankle sprains more rare than inversion ankle sprains?
ligaments on the inside are stronger
39
Describe a grade 1 eversion ankle sprain.
- Pain,​ ​some​ ​swelling,​ ​no​ ​bruising - Stretched​ ​ligament - No​ ​laxity - Make​ ​sure​ ​they​ ​are​ ​walking​ ​properly - Generally​ ​don’t​ ​need​ ​extra​ ​protection
40
Describe a grade 2 eversion ankle sprain.
- Tear - More​ ​swelling,​ ​more​ ​pain - Limping
41
Describe a grade 3 eversion ankle sprain.
- Complete​ ​tear​ ​of​ ​some​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​ligament - Lots​ ​of​ ​swelling,​ ​bruising - Limping
42
What is sprained in a high ankle sprain?
- anterior​ ​inferior​ ​tibularfibular​ ​ligament - holds​ ​together​ ​tibia​ ​and​ ​fibula - ​sprain​ ​means​ ​they​ ​spread​ ​apart​ ​with​ ​every​ ​step
43
What is typically the MOI of a high ankle sprain?
rotation movement
44
What are the signs and symptoms of a high ankle sprain?
- Very​ ​painful​ ​to​ ​walk,​ ​regardless​ ​of​ ​degree​ ​(nothing​ ​else​ ​holds​ ​them​ ​together) - Swelling​ ​sits​ ​higher​ ​up​ ​their​ ​leg,​ ​but​ ​lots​ ​of​ ​swelling​ ​would​ ​spread​ ​into​ ​feet - More​ ​pain​ ​(every​ ​step​ ​hurts)
45
How do we manage a high ankle sprain?
- Taped​ ​or​ ​braced,​ ​even​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​a​ ​first​ ​degree - Longer​ ​heal​ ​(8-12​ ​week),​ ​even​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​a​ ​first​ ​degree
46
What are the 2 ankle stability tests?
- anterior drawer test | - talar tilt test
47
What are the 2 tests for high ankle sprains?
- squeeze test | - external rotation test
48
Describe the anterior drawer test.
- Specific​ ​to​ ​deltoid​ ​ligament​ ​and​ ​3​ ​ligaments​ ​on​ ​outside - Regular​ ​inversion​ ​or​ ​eversion​ ​ankle​ ​sprain - Pulling​ ​and​ ​pushing​ ​shin​ ​and​ ​heel​ ​in​ ​opposite​ ​directions
49
Describe the talar tilt test.
- Specific​ ​to​ ​calcaneofibular​ ​ligament​ ​and​ ​deltoid​ ​ligament - Tilting​ ​the​ ​heel​ ​back​ ​and​ ​forth
50
Describe the squeeze test.
- ​anterior​ ​inferior​ ​tibularfibular​ ​ligament | - squeeze tibia and fibula together
51
Describe the external rotation test.
- ​anterior​ ​inferior​ ​tibularfibular​ ​ligament | - Rotate​ ​ankle​ ​out​ ​to​ ​the​ ​side,​ ​force​ ​tibia​ ​and​ ​fibula​ ​apart
52
=
fracture
53
Name 3 ways that ankle fractures and dislocations can occur.
- Compression​ ​load​ ​down - Twist - Sprain
54
What bones can be fractured/dislocated? Which is most common?
- Talus - Lateral​ ​malleolus - Medial​ ​malleolus - no bone is more common than another
55
What types of fractures are most common in the ankle?
- ​crush​ ​type​ ​fracture - avulsion​ ​fracture - straight​ ​longitudinal​ ​fracture
56
Why are spiral fractures rare in the ankle?
spiral force will cause dislocations
57
In what position is the ankle strongest vs dislocations and in what position is the ankle the weakest?
- Foot​ ​in​ ​dorsi​ ​flexion​ ​means​ ​talus​ ​and​ ​tibia​ ​and​ ​fibula​ ​is​ ​tight​ ​and​ ​stable - Pointed​ ​toes​ ​means​ ​talus​ ​and​ ​fibula​ ​is​ ​loose,​ ​this​ ​is​ ​the​ ​easiest​ ​way​ ​to​ ​dislocate​ ​ankle
58
What are the signs and symptoms of ankle fractures/dislocations?
- Redness - Heat - Bruising - Grinding - Popping - Cracking - Usually​ ​see​ ​deformity​ ​(divots​ ​or​ ​bulges)
59
How do we manage ankle fractures/dislocations?
- No distal pulse = EMS - Need​ ​to​ ​go​ ​to​ ​the​ ​hospital - Don’t​ ​need​ ​special​ ​test​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​obvious - Support​ ​ankle​ ​as​ ​best​ ​as​ ​you​ ​can​ ​in​ ​the​ ​position​ ​it​ ​is​ ​in - Generally​ ​immobilize​ ​the​ ​person,​ ​will​ ​almost​ ​never​ ​cast​ ​(boot)
60
How do you check for a distal pulse?
- Pulse​ ​on​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​foot​ ​closest​ ​to​ ​toes - Pulse​ ​on​ ​top​ ​of​ ​foot - Squish​ ​toes,​ ​if​ ​it​ ​turns​ ​white,​ ​see​ ​if​ ​it​ ​turns​ ​back​ ​to​ ​red
61
Describe rehab for ankle fractures/dislocations.
- Probably​ ​in​ ​boot​ ​for​ ​2​ ​weeks​ ​non​ ​weight​ ​bearing - RICE - Electrotherapy - Do​ ​not​ ​do​ ​ultrasound​ ​(sound​ ​wave​ ​enters​ ​tissues​ ​and​ ​causes​ ​them​ ​to​ ​vibrate, anyone​ ​with​ ​a​ ​fracture​ ​or​ ​dislocation​ ​will​ ​feel​ ​this​ ​as​ ​an​ ​electric​ ​sensation) - Then​ ​need​ ​stress​ ​on​ ​it,​ ​still​ ​generally​ ​in​ ​boot​ ​for​ ​4 weeks​ ​or​ ​until​ ​they​ ​are​ ​comfortable walking
62
Why are fractures more severe in the lower leg than in the ankle?
- Only​ ​2​ ​bones - Veins​ ​and​ ​arteries​ ​and​ ​nerves​ ​in​ ​lower​ ​leg - Generally​ ​jagged​ ​fractures,​ ​blood​ ​vessels​ ​are​ ​close​ ​to​ ​bones - Muscles​ ​in​ ​lower​ ​leg​ ​are​ ​in​ ​compartments,​ ​swelling​ ​has​ ​nowhere​ ​to​ ​go​ ​=​ ​further damage
63
Where do fractures generally happen in the lower leg?
middle area of the shaft
64
What are the signs and symptoms of lower leg fractures?
- Painful - Can​ ​be​ ​open​ ​or​ ​closed - Jagged​ ​(increase​ ​likelihood​ ​of​ ​being​ ​open) - Swelling - Bruising
65
What is the special test for lower leg fractures?
- compression test - Don’t​ ​do​ ​this​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​obvious - Squeeze​ ​tibia​ ​and​ ​fibula​ ​together - Pain​ ​is​ ​positive​ ​indication
66
How will they immobilize a lower leg fracture?
- If​ ​this​ ​fracture​ ​is​ ​below​ ​halfway,​ ​they​ ​may​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​be​ ​in​ ​a​ ​long​ ​boot​ ​(immobilize​ ​whole tibia) - If​ ​fracture​ ​is​ ​above​ ​halfway,​ ​their​ ​knee​ ​needs​ ​to​ ​be​ ​immobilized.​ ​Will​ ​be​ ​in​ ​a​ ​long​ ​leg cast,​ ​or​ ​in​ ​zimmer​ ​splint
67
How long will the leg be immobilized with a lower leg fracture?
- Long​ ​term​ ​immobilization​ ​(at​ ​least​ ​4-6​ ​weeks) - Less​ ​time​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​fibula​ ​(3-4​ ​weeks) - More​ ​time​ ​for​ ​tibia​ ​(4-6​ ​weeks)
68
Describe the rehab for a lower leg fracture.
- Regain​ ​ROM​ ​at​ ​ankle​ ​and​ ​knee - Watch for atrophy - Lots​ ​of​ ​calf​ ​raises,​ ​foot​ ​exercises
69
How does achilles tendonitis occur?
- overuse injury - most common injury in achilles - MOI: too much calf raise type movement (running, jumping etc.) - MOI: calf raise type movement while pushing on achilles (shoes, strapping etc.)
70
What are the signs and symptoms of achilles tendonitis?
- Swollen​ ​right​ ​at​ ​the​ ​structure - warm/hot​ ​right​ ​at​ ​the​ ​tendon - Might​ ​have​ ​redness - Will​ ​NOT​ ​have​ ​bruising - Grinding​ ​sensation,​ ​feels​ ​like​ ​it​ ​catches​ ​​ ​(crepitus)
71
What is the special test for achilles tendonitis? How is it performed?
- thompson test | - physically palpate tendon for grinding sensation
72
What are the 4 stages of signs of achilles tendonitis?
- Stage​ ​1:​ ​only​ ​painful​ ​after​ ​activity - Stage​ ​2:​ ​starting​ ​to​ ​get​ ​sore​ ​during​ ​activity,​ ​but​ ​doesn’t​ ​impede performance​ ​much.​ ​Painful​ ​during​ ​and​ ​after,​ ​feels​ ​better​ ​next​ ​day - Stage​ ​3:​ ​hurts​ ​during​ ​whole​ ​activity,​ ​starts​ ​to​ ​impede​ ​performance (harder​ ​to​ ​run,​ ​jump,​ ​limping) - Stage​ ​4:​ ​physically​ ​impossible​ ​to​ ​do​ ​activity,​ ​just​ ​walking​ ​around hurts
73
People generally don't seek help for achilles tendonitis until stage ___.
3
74
What is achilles tendinosus?
achilles tendon is breaking down, no way to reverse it
75
How do we manage achilles tendonitis?
- Rest​ ​(activity​ ​modification) - Tape,​ ​strap​ ​to​ ​provide​ ​support​ ​to​ ​the​ ​structure​ ​that​ ​is​ ​damaged - Strengthen​ ​tendon​ ​without​ ​further​ ​damage - Calf​ ​raises
76
How does an acute achilles strain occur?
- 1 time mechanism injury (not overuse) - MOI: too much stretch - MOI: trying to push off explosively when already in stretch - covers 1st and 2nd degree
77
What are the signs and symptoms of a first degree achilles strain?
- Mild​ ​swelling - Mild​ ​pain - Mild​ ​heat - Mild​ ​redness - No​ ​deformity - Can​ ​walk,​ ​but​ ​painful
78
What are the signs and symptoms of a second degree achilles strain?
- Some​ ​tearing - Moderate​ ​swelling - Moderate​ ​heat - Moderate​ ​redness - Bruising​ ​on​ ​either​ ​side​ ​and​ ​down​ ​in​ ​the​ ​heel - No​ ​deformity - Very​ ​painful​ ​to​ ​walk,​ ​probably​ ​limping
79
How do we manage a first degree achilles strain?
- Taping - Strapping - 2​ ​weeks
80
How do we manage a second degree achilles strain?
- May​ ​be​ ​in​ ​a​ ​boot​ ​for​ ​1-2​ ​weeks - Stabilize​ ​so​ ​that​ ​they​ ​do​ ​not​ ​further​ ​tear​ ​the​ ​tendon - 90​ ​degree​ ​boot​ ​=​ ​no​ ​active​ ​movement
81
What is the MOI of a acute achilles rupture?
Explosive​ ​movement​ ​when​ ​already​ ​in​ ​the​ ​stretch​ ​position
82
What are the signs and symptoms of a achilles rupture?
- Lots​ ​of​ ​swelling,​ ​redness,​ ​bruising - Will​ ​have​ ​deformity​ ​(divot) - Feels​ ​like​ ​they​ ​got​ ​shot​ ​in​ ​ankle,​ ​then​ ​no​ ​pain - Lacking​ ​ability​ ​in​ ​foot
83
What is the special test for an achilles rupture?
- thompson test - contract​ ​gastrocnemius,​ ​testing​ ​if​ ​foot​ ​moves - not able to control foot drop
84
How is an achilles rupture managed with surgery?
- Immediate - Stitched​ ​together - Immobilized​ ​for​ ​3-4​ ​weeks - Tend​ ​to​ ​do​ ​surgery​ ​on​ ​athletes
85
How is an achilles rupture managed without surgery?
- In​ ​a​ ​boot,​ ​with​ ​heel​ ​raised​ ​up | - Gradually​ ​try​ ​to​ ​get​ ​them​ ​back​ ​to​ ​90​ ​degrees​ ​every​ ​2​ ​weeks
86
Describe the timeframe for a achilles rupture.
- Season​ ​ending​ ​injury | - Walking​ ​in​ ​boot​ ​approx​ ​6-8​ ​weeks
87
What is a common misconception around achilles ruptures?
you are not more likely to rupture if you have had achilles tendonitis or achilles strains
88
What are shin splints called?
medial tibial stress syndrome
89
What are the prime causes of shin splints?
- muscles​ ​in​ ​back​ ​of​ ​leg​ ​is​ ​stronger,​ ​they​ ​are​ ​pulling​ ​away​ ​from​ ​medial​ ​side of​ ​tibia - Arches:​ ​Muscles​ ​in​ ​lower​ ​leg​ ​has​ ​to​ ​work​ ​harder​ ​to​ ​support​ ​arch​ ​= increase​ ​load​ ​in​ ​muscle​ ​=​ ​pain​ ​in​ ​muscle​ ​up​ ​the​ ​tibia
90
How can we palpate shin splints?
Muscle​ ​feels​ ​thick​ ​on​ ​medial​ ​side​ ​of​ ​tibia​ ​(local​ ​inflammation)
91
What can shin splints lead to?
stress fractures
92
What are the signs and symptoms of shin splints?
- Pain​ ​in​ ​medial​ ​side​ ​of​ ​tibia​ ​(very​ ​specific) - Palpable​ ​inflammation - Can​ ​visibly​ ​see​ ​if​ ​severe - Hot​ ​to​ ​touch - Red - No​ ​bruising - 4​ ​stages
93
How do we manage shin splints?
- Rest​ ​(modified​ ​activity:​ ​take​ ​out​ ​as​ ​many​ ​things​ ​as​ ​possible​ ​that​ ​aggravate injuries​ ​while​ ​letting​ ​them​ ​do​ ​something) - Laser - Current - Ultrasound - Ice​ ​after​ ​activities
94
What do we need to remember when sizing crutches?
- Not​ ​meant​ ​to​ ​be​ ​leaned​ ​on​ ​armpits - At​ ​least​ ​3-4​ ​fingers​ ​between​ ​armpit​ ​and​ ​crutch - Start​ ​with​ ​height​ ​guideline - Need​ ​slight​ ​bend​ ​in​ ​elbow - Size​ ​to​ ​line​ ​in​ ​wrist - Crutch​ ​base​ ​is​ ​meant​ ​to​ ​land​ ​2​ ​inches​ ​outside​ ​of​ ​toes​ ​and​ ​6​ ​inches​ ​in​ ​front​ ​of​ ​toes

KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy (14 decks)

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