Foot and Ankle Flashcards
(23 cards)
During heel strike, the heel and ankle are responsible for ________ and ________.
Braking, adapting
The foot and ankle are most stable during ________ of the gait cycle.
Mid stance
In what step does propulsion occur in the gait cycle?
Toe-off
Upon internal rotation of the tibia and fibula, the lateral malleolus moves ________, and therefore the fibular head moves ________.
Anteriorly, posteriorly
Dorsiflexion of the ankle causes the talus to move ________ and places the ankle in its most ________ (unstable/stable) position.
Posteriorly, stable
What are the three main ligaments of the lateral ankle? Which is most often torn?
Anterior talo-fibular, calcaneo-fibular, posterior talo-fibular
Anterior talo-fibular
An severe eversion sprain can cause the ________ ligament to tear.
Deltoid
Supination of the ankle is made up of three motions: ________, ________, and ________
Plantar flexion, inversion, adduction
Pronation of the ankle is made up of three motions: ________, ________, and ________
Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction
The Ottawa ankle rules state that an x-ray of the ankle is required if you find any of the following:
pain in the ________ zone, pain in the ________ zone, tenderness on the posterior edge of the ________, tenderness at the ________, tenderness of the ________, and inability to bear weight immediately and in the ED.
Malleolar, mid-foot, lateral/medial malleolus, base of the 5th metatarsal, navicular
A positive squeeze test helps diagnose a tear of the ________.
Syndesmosis
Tendonitis usually occurs 1-4 inches above the calcaneal insertion due to ________.
Decreased blood supply
The tarsometatarsal joint is also known as the ________ joint.
Lisfranc
The three arches of the foot are the ________, ________, and ________.
Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse
A dropped arch involves the ________ and the ________.
Cuboid, navicular
The proximal 5th metatarsal is affected by fractures in three distinct zones. Zone 1 involves the ________, zone 2 involves the ________, and zone 3 involves the ________.
Proximal tubercle, metaphysis-diaphysis junction, proximal diaphysis
Zone 1 of the 5th metatarsal is where ________ fractures occur.
Avulsion
Zone 2 fractures of the 5th metatarsal are also called ________ and are due to ________.
Jone’s fractures, low vascular supply (similar to the scaphoid)
Zone 3 of the 5th metatarsal is where ________ fractures occur.
Stress
Stress fractures of the foot are most common at the ________ and ________ metatarsals along the diaphysis.
2nd, 3rd
Stress fractures are aggravated by ________, therefore a ________ may be used to help diagnose them.
Vibrations, tuning fork
A benign growth of nerve tissue on the bottom of the foot is called ________ and most commonly occurs between the ________ and ________ metatarsals.
Morton’s neuroma, 3rd, 4th
Web space compression or the foot squeeze are used to diagnose ________.
Morton’s neuroma
