Foot and Ankle Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Features of hallux valgus

A
  • Great toe deviates laterally at the MTP joint (>15o metatarsophalangeal angle on X-ray)
  • Pressure of MTP against shoe can lead to bunions
  • Also increases weight bearing at second metatarsal head
  • Pain and hammer toe
  • Risk factors include wearing pointed shoes and high heals
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2
Q

Management of hallux valgus

A
  • Conservative
    • Bunion pads
    • Plastic wedge between great and second toes
  • Surgical
    • Metatarsal osteotomy
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3
Q

Features of achilles tendon rupture

A
  • Feeling of being kicked in the calf
  • Pain and swelling near the heal
  • Inability to bend foor downward or ‘push off’ the injured leg when walking
  • Inability to stand on the toes of the injured leg
  • Popping or snapping sound when injury occurs
  • Risk factrs include:
    • Age 30-40 years
    • Male gender (5x more common)
    • Recreational sports
    • Steroid injections
    • Certain antibiotics (fluoroquinolone antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin)
    • Obesity
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4
Q

Management of achilles tendon ruptures

A
  • Functional bracing/casting in resting equinus - prevents the tendon from overstretching too early
  • End-to-end operative repair for acute ruptures
  • Reconstuction for chronic ruptures
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5
Q

Features of pes cavus and pes planus

A
  • Pes cavus - abnormally high medial longitudinal arch
    • Patients present with lateral foot pain from increased weight bearing
    • Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Friedreich’s Ataxia
  • Pes planus - flattened/lowered longitudinal arch
    • Foot pain
    • Can be born with it but also caused by tarsal coalitions, accessory navicular bone, ligament laxity in conditions like Margan’s and Ehlers-Danlos, trauma, obesity, DM, neuropathy, pregnancy, osteoporosis and overuse)
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