FOOT AND ANKLE PRACTICAL

Question 1

Action of Gastrocnemius

Answer 1

Plantarflexor and knee flexor

Question 2

Which muscle is the most superficial calf muscle?

Answer 2

Gastrocnemius

Question 3

Origin of the medial head of Gastrocnemius

Answer 3

Medial supracondylar ridge and femoral tubercle

Question 4

Origin of the lateral head of Gastrocnemius

Answer 4

Lateral femoral condyle

Question 5

Insertion of Gastrocnemius

Answer 5

Via tendocalcaneus into posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 6

Nerve supply of Gastrocnemius

Answer 6

Tibial nerve S1 S2

Question 7

Gastrocnemius function

Answer 7

Walk up stairs

Question 8

Brief explanation of how to palpate Gastrocnemius

Answer 8

Model in prone lying.
Plantarflex foot and flex knee to 50 degrees.
Resist.
Palpate either side of knee down to tendocalcaneus.

Question 9

Action of Soleus

Answer 9

Plantarflexes ankle

Question 10

Which muscle lies deep to Gastrocnemius?

Answer 10

Soleus

Question 11

Origin of Soleus

Answer 11

Soleal line on the posterior of tibia, and lateral 2/3 fibula

Question 12

Insertion of Soleus

Answer 12

Via tendocalcaneus into the posterior surface of calcaneus

Question 13

Nerve supply of Soleus

Answer 13

Tibial nerve S1 S2

Question 14

Function of Soleus

Answer 14

Ankle stability, prevents forward tilt

Question 15

Brief explanation of how to palpate Soleus

Answer 15

Model in prone lying.
Resist plantarflexion
Palpate under heads of gastroc and either side of tendocalcaneus.

Question 16

Function of Soleus

Answer 16

Ankle stability. Prevent forward tilt

Question 17

Action of Tibialis Anterior

Answer 17

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Question 18

Origin of Tibialis Anterior

Answer 18

Upper 2/3 of lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

Question 19

Insertion of Tibialis Anterior

Answer 19

Medial side of medial cunieform and 1st metatarsal base

Question 20

Nerve supply of Tibialis Anterior

Answer 20

Deep peroneal nerve L4 L5

Question 21

Brief explanation of palpation of Tibialis Anterior

Answer 21

Model in long sitting
Resist dorsiflexion and inversion
Palpate lateral to tibia to medial side of foot

Question 22

Function of Tibialis Anterior

Answer 22

Clearance of foot during gait swing

Question 23

Action of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 23

Dorsiflexes foot and big toe extension

Question 24

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 24

Middle 1/2 of fibula and interosseous membrane

Question 25

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 25

Dorsal surface base of distal phalanx of big toe (hallux)

Question 26

Nerve supply of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 26

Deep peroneal nerve L5 S1

Question 27

Brief explanation of palpation of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 27

Model in long sitting Resist great toe extension Find tendon, palpate proximally

Question 28

Function of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 28

Toe clearance in gait swing

Question 29

Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 29

Dorsiflexes ankle. Extends the four toes

Question 30

Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 30

Upper 2/3 fibula, interosseous membrane and lateral tibial condyle

Question 31

Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 31

Forms extensor hood, attaches the distal and middle phalanx of the four toes on upper surface.

Question 32

Nerve supply of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 32

Deep peroneal nerve L5 S1

Question 33

Brief explanation of palpation of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 33

``` Model in long sitting Resist toe extension Locate four tendons Palpate proximally until four tendons join (just under fibula) ```

Question 34

Function of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 34

Toe clearance in gait swing

Question 35

Action of Peroneus Longus and Brevis

Answer 35

Everts and plantarflexes foot

Question 36

Origin of Peroneus Longus and Brevis

Answer 36

Longus- upper 2/3 of lateral fibula | Brevis- lower 1/3 of lateral fibula

Question 37

Insertion of Peroneus Longus and Brevis

Answer 37

Bottom of medial cunieform, base of 1st metatarsal and base of 5th metatarsal

Question 38

Nerve supply of Peroneus Longus and Brevis

Answer 38

Superficial peroneal nerve L5 S1

Question 39

Function of Peroneus Longus and Brevis

Answer 39

Balance on one leg support

Question 40

Brief explanantion of palpation of Peroneus Longus and Brevis

Answer 40

Model in long sitting Resist eversion Palpate lateral side of fibula down to ankle lateral malleolus

Question 41

Action of Tibialis Posterior

Answer 41

Inverts and plantarflexes the foot

Question 42

Origin of Tibialis Posterior

Answer 42

Upper posterior tibia, posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Question 43

Insertion of Tibialis Posterior

Answer 43

Navicular tubercle and medial cunieform

Question 44

Nerve supply of Tibialis Posterior

Answer 44

Tibial nerve L4 L5

Question 45

Brief explanation of palpation of Tibialis Posterior

Answer 45

Model in long sitting Ask model to plantarflex and invert foot Only palpable tendon at the medial malleolus

Question 46

Function of Tibialis Posterior

Answer 46

Balance one leg and arch support