Foot, Ankle and Lower Leg Flashcards
(28 cards)
The Forefoot contains ___ phalanges and ____ metatarsals
14 phalanges and 5 metatarsals
What does the Midfoot consist of?
N.C.C
Navicular, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms
What does the Hindfoot consist of?
What are the 2 main joints of the Hindfoot and where are they located?
Calcaneous and talus
Talocrural: between talus and tib fib
Subtalar joints: beneath talus
What and where is the plantar fascia?
Where does it attach?
What arch does it support?
Thick, interconnected band of fascia covering the PLANTAR surface of the foot
Along with the achilles, has attachment to the CALCANEUS
Provides support for the longitudinal arch
What are the plantar arches?
Longitudinal arch (higher on medial side) Transverse Arch: Runs across the anterior tarsals and metatarsals
What are the ligaments of the Medial Longitudinal Arch?
Calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)
Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament
Plantar Aponeurosis
The Interior Tib-Fib joint is an important joint of the ankle. What kind of joint is it?
Syndesmosis Joint
What are the important joints of the ankle and where are they?
- Interior Tib-Fib Joint
- Talocrural Joint (dorsi flexion = closed packed)
- Subtalar Joint
What are the ligaments of the ankle?
- Anterior Talofibular
- Posterior Talofibular
- Calcaneoflibular
- Deltoid
Medial Ligaments of the ankle:
Where is pain felt with an injury to the Deltoid Ligament?
-All the ligaments within the deltoid ligament are tested the same as the lateral ligaments but everted instead
Dorsi flexed and everted
Anterior tibiotalar (ATT): plantar flexed
Tibiocalcaneal (TC) and posterior tibiotalar (PTT): dorsiflexion
Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle
Name the lateral Ligaments of ankle and when each of them are taught
Anterior Talofibular (ATF) Ligament: Plantar flexion
Calcaneofibular (CF) Ligament: Neutral
Posterior Talofibular (PTF) Ligament:
Dorsiflexion
Limits posterior displacement of the talus on the tibia
Foot deforms during weight bearing
Absorbing a smaller force of longer duration than if it were rigid
Deformation causes storage of mechanical energy in the stretched tendons, ligaments and plantar fascia
What is this called?
= Windless Effect
What kind of loading patterns are bones subject to?
Tension, compression, bending & torsion
What is the prime everter of the ankle?
Peroneus Longus
At what joint does eversion and inversion of the ankle generally occur?
Occur primarily at the subtalar joint
with secondary contributions from gliding movements at the intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints
At what joint does Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion occur?
Occurs at the talocrural joint
FOOT DEFORMITIES
1. Pes cavus
- Pes planus
- Pes Cavus: High arch and rigid foot
2. Pes planus: Flat foot and mobile foot
TURF TOE
What is the MOI and is it acute or chronic?
MOI: Forced hyperextension (or hyperflexion)
Sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of 1st MTP joint
Acute or repetitive overload
What are the special tests for lateral ankle sprains?
Special Tests
Anterior drawer
Talar tilt
Are medial ankle sprains common? Why or why not
Less than 10% of all ankle sprains: because of bony block and medial deltoid ligament is so strong.
How do you care for both a medial and lateral ankle injury?
Care PIER Horseshoe pads to control swelling Ankle tape or brace in healing phase Proprioception exercises
What is the special test for a medial ankle sprain?
Deltoid ligament test (Reverse talar tilt)
What ligaments does a High Ankle Sprain involve?
What is the MOI?
Involves the anterior and/or posterior inferior tib-fib ligaments
Axial loading through the calcaneus
External rotation for the foot with dorsiflexion
What special test is performed for a Syndesmosis Sprain?
Special Tests
Positive external rotation (Kleiger) test
