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PHAR 1054 > Foot care and oral health > Flashcards

Foot care and oral health Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Outline verrucae as foot care

A
  • Appear as flattened, discrete
    lesions
  • On the ball of the foot,
    underside of the big toe or heel
  • They can present either alone or
    in clusters
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2
Q

Outline what causes verrucae

A
  • Caused by the Human Papilloma Virus
  • Will get into the skin through a cut or minor abrasion
  • Characterised by tiny black dots under the hard skin
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3
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of verrucae

A
  • The small black visible dots are NOT the ‘root’ of the verruca, but are
    caused by bleeding in small blood vessels
  • Verrucas can be tender when squeezed and may cause discomfort if
    they press on nerves whilst walking
  • They can be spread from person to person through contaminated
    surfaces or through close skin contact
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4
Q

Outline when to refer for verrucas

A
  • If unsure whether or not growth on the skin is a verruca
  • The verruca keeps coming back once treated
  • If the verruca is very painful
  • If the verruca bleeds or changes in appearance
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5
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for verrucas

A
  • Salicylic Acid
  • Works by softening the hard skin
    growth, making it easier to remove
    with a pumice stone or emery board
  • They also help kill the Human
    Papilloma Virus
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6
Q

Outline the dosage for the treatment options

A

Bazuka Gel: - Contains Salicylic Acid 12% gel and Lactic Acid 4% gel
* Apply once daily at night to the lesion

Bazuka gel extra strength: - contains 26% salicylic acid (over 16s only)
* Apply once daily at night to the lesion

Plasters and paints less effective

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7
Q

Outline another treatment option for verrucas

A
  • Freeze treatments which claim to have a similar effect to medical cryotherapy
  • In reality much less effective
    hydrocarbon/propellant mix which
    ‘freezes’ the skin
  • Not very popular and expensive
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8
Q

Outline the dosage for the treatment options

A

Bazuka sub zero
* Apply applicator should work with 10 days

Scholl freeze verruca and wart remover
* Apply applicator for 30-40 seconds
* Should work within 10-14 days

Excilor
* Combination freeze spray and gel treatment
* ‘clinical trial’ conducted on 16 people

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9
Q

Outline self care advice for verrucas

A

Wash your hands after touching a wart or verruca
Change your socks daily if you have a verruca
Cover verrucas with a plaster if swimming

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10
Q

Outline athlete’s foot as foot care

A
  • Common skin infection of the foot
  • Flourishes between the toes
  • Highly contagious and is passed on by
    small pieces of affected skin shed
    from the feet
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11
Q

Outline what causes athletes foot

A
  • Caused by overgrowth of tinea pedis
  • A dermatophyte fungal infections
  • Usually caught by walking barefoot in areas where an infected person
    has walked
  • Communal changing rooms at swimming pools and gyms common
    sources
  • Can catch from direct skin contact
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12
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of athlete’s foot

A
  • Symptoms usually appear first between the fourth and the fifth toes
  • The affected skin appears red and itchy, later becoming white, inflamed
    and weepy
  • The affected skin may crack and peel
    Infection may spread
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13
Q

Outline when to refer for the athletes foot

A
  • If treatment from the pharmacy doesn’t work
  • If you are experiencing a lot of discomfort
  • The foot is red, hot and painful
  • If the patient has diabetes
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14
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for the athletes foot

A

Antifungals

Undecanoates: Oldest and least
effective treatments available

Imidazole antifungals:
Range of products available all
effective

Terbinafine: effective if
expensive treatment

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15
Q

Outline the doses recommended for this treatment

A

Lamisil AT 1% Gel/cream: - Contains Terbinafine 1%Gel/cream
* Apply daily for a week

Lamisil once:- contains 1% Terbinafine cutaneous solution
* Single dose treatment

undecanoate antifungals available in cream and spray (mycota,generic)
* Apply twice daily for a week after symptoms have cleared

  • Miconazole cream: - contains miconazole nitrate
  • Used for 10 days after symptoms have cleared
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16
Q

Outline self care advice for athlete’s foot

A
  • Dry your feet after washing them, particularly between your toes – dab
    them dry rather than rubbing them
  • Use a separate towel for your feet and wash it regularly
  • Take your shoes off when at home
  • Wear clean socks every day – cotton socks are the best
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17
Q

Ouutline corns and calluses as foot care

A
  • Corns are caused by running
    or pressure from ill-fitting shoes:
  • Calluses are caused by friction and
    pressure when the skin rubs
    against shoes or the ground
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18
Q

Outline what causes corns and callses

A
  • Wearing high heels, uncomfortable shoes or shoes that are the
    wrong size
  • Not wearing socks with shoes
  • Lifting heavy weights
  • Playing a musical instrument
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19
Q

Outline when to refer for corns and calluses

Study These Flashcards
A
  • If the patient has diabetes
  • If you have heart disease or problems with circulation
  • If the corn/callus bleeds or has any discharge
  • If they have not improved after three weeks of treatment
  • The pain is severe or stopping you doing your normal activities
20
Q

Outline 1 treatment option for corns and calluses

Study These Flashcards
A

Scholl 2 in 1 Corn Express Pen
- Acts as a moisturing cream to soften
the hardened skin
- Use daily
- Results can be seen within 5 days

21
Q

Outline a 2nd treatment option for corns and calluses

Study These Flashcards
A

Pain relief/ pressure pads are also recommended
- some may be medicated to help soften the corn
- some will cushion the area and relieve painful shoe pressure and
friction

22
Q

Outline self care advice for corns and calluses

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Wear thick, cushioned socks
  • Wear wide, comfortable shoes with a low heel and soft sole that does
    not rub
  • Use soft insoles or heel pads in your shoes
  • Soak in warm water to soften them
23
Q

Outline plantar fasciitis as foot care

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pain on the bottom of the foot around the heel and arch
  • Caused by straining the part of your foot that connects your heel bone
    to your toes (plantar fascia)
24
Q

Outline signs and symptoms of plantar fasciitis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • The pain is worse when a person starts walking or after resting
  • The pain feels better after exercising but comes back when resting
  • It is difficult to raise the toes off of the floor
25
Outline what not to do if you have plantar fasciitis
- Do not take ibuprofen for the first 48 hours - Do not walk or stand for long periods - Do not wear high heels or tight pointy shoes - Do not wear flip-flops or backless slippers - Try not to walk bear foot on hard surfaces
26
Outline when to refer for plantar fasciitis
- The pain is severe or stopping the person from doing normal activities - The pain is getting worse/recurrent - The pain has not improved after treating it for two weeks - Any tingling or loss of feeling in the foot - Diabetic patients
27
Outline 1 treatment option for plantar fasciitis
- Pain relief (for example Paracetamol and Ibuprofen (after 48 hours)) - Soft insoles or heel pads can also be placed inside shoes to ease discomfort
28
Outline self care advice for plantar fasciitis
- Rest and raise your foot on a stool when you can - Use an ice pack on the painful area for up to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours - Use soft in soles or heel pads in your shoes - Regular gentle stretching exercises
29
Outline mouth ulcer as oral health
- Can appear inside the cheeks and on the gums, tongue or roof of the mouth - A sufferer can get up to six at a time They are not contagious
30
Outline what causes mouth ulvers
- Hormonal changes - Genetics - Vitamin B12/Iron deficiency - Side effects of certain medicines - Smoking
31
Outline a treatment option for mouth ulcers
- Mouth ulcers are common and should clear up on their own within a week or two - Mouth ulcers need time to heal and there is no quick fix - Avoiding things that irritate your mouth ulcer will help speed up the healing process, reduce pain and reduce the chance of them returning
32
Outline when to refer for mouth ulcers
- If the mouth ulcer has lasted longer than three weeks - If the mouth ulcer keeps returning - If it becomes painful and red
33
Outline treatment options for mouth ulcers
- Antiseptic pastilles - Anti-inflammatory gels and - Topical anaesthetics can be recommended - Most not suitable for children
34
Outline dosages for the treament options
Orajel Dental Gel – Benzocaine 10% w/w Contains Apply a pea-sized amount to the affected area up to four times a day as required Bonjela gel:– choline salicylate 87% and cetakonium chloride Apply to the sore are every 3 hours for up to 7 days Not suitable for under 16s Mouth ulcer pastilles:- Benzalkonium Chloride Solution 1.11 mg and Compound Benzoin Tincture 8.06 mg. (generic) Not particularly effective but suitable for over 3s
35
Outline self care advice for mouth ulcers
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush - Drink cool drinks through a straw - Eat softer foods - Get regular dental check-ups - Eat a healthy, balanced diet
36
Outline oral thrush as oral health
- Caused by the fungus Candida Albicans - Causes lesions – usually on the tongue or cheeks, that are white in colour
37
Outline signs and symptoms of oral thrush
- White, creamy lesions appearing anywhere in the mouth - New pains during regular mouth motions - Bleeding if lesions are scraped or rubbed - Loss of taste when eating or drinking and dry mouth
38
Outline when to refer for oral thrush
39
Outline 1 treatment option for oral thrush and dose
*Antifungal Oral Gel to inhibit growth of fungus like Daktarin Oral Gel: Contains Miconazole 2% Gel Apply four times daily after meals: Keep the gel in the mouth for as long as possible before swallowing Continue treatment for at least 7 days after symptoms have disappeared
40
Outline self care advice for oral thrush
- Brush teeth twice daily - Brush your gums and tongue with a soft toothbrush - Attend regular dental check ups - Stop smoking
41
Outline cold sores as oral health
* One of the worlds most common infections * Caused by virus herpes simplex (HSV) * Self limiting but products available to treat * Triggered by wind, sunlight, menstruation, trauma, stress and being ‘run down
42
Outline signs and symptoms of cold sores and the 4 stages
- Occur most commonly on the lips and surrounding skin - Start off as small fluid filled blisters - Burst and crust over indicating end of infection cycle - Symptoms usually last 10 days Four stages of symptoms * Tingle (prodromal stage) * Blister * Weeping * Scabbing
43
Outline when to refer for cold sores
* Duration longer than 2 weeks * Failure to resolve with or without treatment * Painless sores * Babies and young children *Immunocompromised patients * Patients with symptoms elsewhere
44
Outline treatment options for cold sores and dose
*Astringents *Antiviral creams * Electronic devices *Aciclovir 2g cream *Apply 5 times a day * Suitable for adults and children *Only to be used on the mouth and face
45
Outline self care advice for cold sores
*Wash hands before and after application * Try to identify triggers and avoid * Sunscreen lip balms are a good idea if triggered by sunlight *Avoid dehydration *Avoid kissing and oral sex during all phases *Avoid touching the cold sore *Apply cream with a dabbing motion, rubbing the cream in may make it spread *Don’t share anything that goes in your mouth

PHAR 1054 (20 decks)

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