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Foundations > Footings > Flashcards

Footings Flashcards

1
Q

What problems may be encountered if the excavation ramp is dug under a future driveway at the end of the house?

A

Cracked concrete concrete, pulling away from the house the driveway tilting

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2
Q

How should unstable soil be excavated?

A

Add a 45° slope or 600 mm

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3
Q

How should stable soils be excavated?

A

600 mm vertical with working room straight

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4
Q

Where should excavated material be stored?

A

1000 mm from the edge of excavation or 1 m back

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5
Q

Using the NBC, what is the minimum depth of foundations in clay? Soil’s good drainage containing a heated basement

A

1.2 m from NBC 9.12.2.2

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6
Q

What is the minimum depth of the foundation in well-drained clay soils, containing an unheated crawlspace?

A

1.2 m not less than the depth of frost penetration

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7
Q

Backfill that is within 600 mm of a foundation shall be free of

A

Deleterious debris and boulders, larger than 250 mm

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8
Q

Using the NBC, what is the minimum amount of the foundation must extend above the finished grade

A

Not less than 150 mm above finished ground level

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9
Q

Topsoil and vegetable matter need to be removed under a building

A

Tru

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10
Q

Excavations should be kept free of standing water

A

True

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11
Q

The bottom of excavations should be kept from freezing throughout the construction period

A

True

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12
Q

Dewatering

A

A series of well points drilled around the perimeter pumps are used to continuously remove the water from that area

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13
Q

Excavating machines that could be used to excavate a basement for a house

A

Crawler loader, skid steer, wheel loader

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14
Q

The depth of an excavation for a house, depends on several factors, such as

A

Surface drainage, elevation of the street, sewer and water

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15
Q

There are several types of spread footings

A

Continuous footings, independent footings, and raft footings

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16
Q

Continuous footing

A

Unbroken footings extended throughout the perimeter of the building

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17
Q

Stepped footings

A

Continuous footing stepped up or down to accommodate different elevations in foundations

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18
Q

Pilaster footings

A

Continuous footings that are widened under areas were extra loads are placed on the footings such as under fireplaces. These are also referred to as offset footings.

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19
Q

Bearing wall footings

A

Regular continuous footings with raised centre portion

20
Q

Independent footings

A

Support, Tele, post, columns and peers. There are three types of independent footings.

21
Q

Independent footing pad

A

A square or rectangle or flat footing

22
Q

Independent, battered footings

A

Have flat tops and bottoms, but tapered sides used to support a load that requires only a small support area and are widened at the bottom to give enough bearing

23
Q

Independent stepped pad footings

A

Have the centre portion, increased, and thickness to provide extra support for a column

24
Q

Raft footing, or Matt foundations

A

A solid slab of heavily reinforced concrete covering the entire building location slabs may be from 620 400 mm thick are used to support the building. The raft footing also known as floating slab is often used as the foundation floor of detached building such as garage

25
Q

Tolerance for footing width

A

15 mm under and no more than 2.5% of footing with over

26
Q

Tolerance for footing off-center

A

No more than 5% of footing width off

27
Q

Tolerance for footing reduction of thickness

A

5% under no limit in over thickness

28
Q

Tolerance for footings, elevation

A

Maybe 3 mm over or under

29
Q

What is the purpose of a spread footing under a foundation wall?

A

Enlargement or wedding under a foundation wall to distribute the weight of the building over a large area that’s preventing settling

30
Q

And unreinforced footings, the projection of a footing beyond the supported element should not exceed

A

Thickness of footing in NBC, 9.15.3.8

31
Q

The maximum height of a stepped footing is

A

600mm

32
Q

Using stepped footings, the minimum length of each steps should be

A

600mm

33
Q

When using step footings, the thickness of the vertical connection should be

A

150mm

34
Q

The minimum thickness of footings allowed by the NBC is

A

Not less than or greater of 100 mm or width of the projection of the footing beyond the supported element

35
Q

The minimum width of footings under an exterior basement wall supporting one floor bungalow is

A

209 nbc 9.15.3.4

36
Q

The minimum area of a column footing is

A

.04

37
Q

If the footings rest on gravel, sand, silt, or clay, and there is Highwater table present, the footing with should be

A

Not less than twice the width initially stated NBC 9.15.3.4.3

38
Q

If a brick veneer is added to the front of the house, what must be done to the footing under the brick?

A

Wall thickness may have to be increased an adjustment of 65 mm

39
Q

Concrete for unreinforced footings she’ll have a minimum compressive strength of

A

15 mpa

40
Q

Footings may rest on undisturbed soil, rock, or compacted

A

Granular fill NBC 9.15.3.2

41
Q

Two methods of anchoring, a foundation wall to a footing are

A

Rebar dowels, or a keyway

42
Q

What tool is usually used to set footing forms to the proper elevation?

A

A builders level, a laser or a transit

43
Q

Why may footing forms be lapped at joints instead of putting the material together?

A

Saves time and materials and a stronger

44
Q

Which footing forms are usually installed first inside or outside and why?

A

Outside and continuous footing throughout the perimeter of the building

45
Q

One plumbing down from a string line on the batter boards to the bottom of the excavation, when is a straight edge and hand level more suitable than a plumbob

A

Windy conditions

46
Q

When using a 2 x 6 ( 38X140mm) material for footing forms how Far apart should the 2 x 4 (38 x 89 mm) Steaks be placed

A

3 feet or 1 m

47
Q

Why should the tops of the steak supporting the forms to be driven down or cut off flush with the tops of the forms?

A

For placing and screeding concrete or striking off

Foundations (9 decks)

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