FOPC Flashcards

Question

What is health promotion?

Answer 1

Any planned activity designed to enhance health or prevent disease

Answer 2

Educational - provides knowledge to enable necessary skills to make informed choices regarding health Socioeconomic - makes the health choice the easy choice Psychological - forming relationships between attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. Individual's willingness to change is important

Answer 3

Educating individuals to change knowledge, beliefs and behaviours in a direction which improves health

Answer 4

Protecting health by targeting factors which are beyond the control of the individual

Answer 5

Refers to the generation of power in individuals to control situations that they once were unable to control. 3 benefits: An ability to resist social pressure Utilise effective coping strategies Heightened consciousness of action

Answer 6

``` Pre-contemplation Contemplation Planning Action Maintenance (or regression) ```

Answer 7

Primary prevention - measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury Secondary prevention - detection of a disease at an early stage in order to cure, prevent or lessen symptomatology Tertiary prevention - measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease

Answer 8

Wilson's criteria Illness (important, natural history understood, pre-symptomatic stage) Test (easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific) Treatment (acceptable, cost effective, better if early)

Answer 9

National guidance for child protection (scotland 2010) | RCGP - safeguarding children

Answer 10

``` Build a personalised approach to care Adopt shared decision making Reduced variation in clinical practice Reduce harm and waste Manage risk better Become improvers and innovators ```

Answer 11

Incidence - number of new cases of a disease is a period of time Prevalence - number of people in a population who have a disease at a single point in time

Answer 12

``` Mortality data Hospital activity statistics Health and household surveys Social security statistics Drug misuse databases Expenditure data from NHS Accident statistics ```

Answer 13

People having the knowledge, skills, understanding and confidence to use health information and navigate health and social care systems

Answer 14

Cross-sectional - study whereby observations are made at a single point in time Cohort - exposure data is collected from people who do not have disease and they are followed through time until such a time where enough people have developed illness to begin analysis Case control - comparison of two groups of people (those with disease and those without disease)

Answer 15

``` Standardisation Standardised Mortality ratio Quality of data Ascertainment Case definition Coding and classification ```

Answer 16

Selection bias Information bias Follow up bias Systematic error

Answer 17

``` Identify audit topic Set standard Collect data Analyse data Implement change ```

Answer 18

The co-existence of two or more long-term conditions in an individual

Answer 19

Living in own home with support from family Living in own home with support from social services Sheltered housing Residential care Nursing home care

Answer 20

Welfare power of attorney Financial power of attorney Guardianship (legal) ``` Statement of wishes Next of kin Preferred place of death Consent to pass on information (personal) ``` Home care package Assessment of capacity Potential problems (medical)

Answer 21

Is the disease important? Is the natural history of the disease understood? Will the test detect the illness at a pre-symptommatic stage? Will the test be accepted by the population? Is the test sensitive? Is the test speciific? Is the test cost-effective? Is the treatment effective? Is the treatment safe? Is the treatment acceptable to the population?

Answer 22

``` Lack of knowledge Fear and distrust Racism Bias Stereotyping Language barriers Presence of third party Religious beliefs Gender difference between doc and patient Differences in perceptions ```

Answer 23

``` Increased life expectancy Decreased birth rates Improvements in housing Improvements in sanitation Migration Greater availability of contraception ```

Answer 24

Health services - More geriatricians More long-term conditions Increased facilities for elderly Social - More emphasis on elderly social activities High demand for home carers Demand for nursing homes likely to increase

Answer 25

``` Poor mental health Financial implications Lack of privacy Less time for hobbies May have to give up work Social isolation ```

Answer 26

``` Day care centre Respite care Psychological support Additional help from family Frozen food deliveries ```

Answer 27

``` Lack of sleep Poor diet Lack of exercise Bullying Excessive screen time Social isolation ```

Answer 28

``` Not expected to live beyond 6-12 months Breathlessness at rest Spends more than 50% of day in bed or chair Long term oxygen therapy FEV1<30% ```

Answer 29

``` Peers Internet TV GP practice leaflet GP practice website Health fairs ```

Answer 30

A confounding factor is a factor that is associated with the disease and the risk factor. Age and sex are 2 common confounding factors.

Answer 31

``` Reason for audit Criteria to be measured Standard set Preparation and planning Result and data collection 1 Description of changes implemented Result and data collect 2 Reflections ```

FOPC Flashcards

(55 cards)