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Learning Guide All years handbook Lectures Tutorials Essential reading Case study Also Multicultural Medicine lecture (Prof Cleland) and Introductory Ethics Lecture (Dr Cameron) (87 cards)

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1
Q

what personal qualities may be required for general practice

A

business minded

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2
Q

what personal qualities may be required for general practice

A

business minded

can work independently

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3
Q

what variation occurs between GP practices

A

might be big or small - practicese are responsive to local health needs

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4
Q

what aspects effect the running of the business of general practice

A

most are independent contractors

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5
Q

how is information technology used in primary care

A

ditgital record-keeping

easy accessed by any approved member of staff

tracking of data is easier

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6
Q

what is the GP practice team

A

manager

it/admin staff

secretarial staff

reception staff

nurses

advanced nurse practitioners

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7
Q

what is longitudinal care

A

seeing pateints preogrees through theyre life

gain trust and make consultation easier

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8
Q

what is the number 1 complaint against doctors

A

communication problems - my doctor wont listen - my doctor doesn’t tell me anything

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9
Q

what are the 3 broad skills needed for sucsseful medical interviewing

A

conceptual skills
perceptual skills
process skills

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10
Q

what 2 broad factors can influence the consultation

A

physical factors

personal factors - doctor and patient

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11
Q

what 3 doctor patient relationship styles are there

A

authoritatian/patentalistic

guidance/ co- operation

mutual participation relationship

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12
Q

what happens always, often and sometimes in a consultation

A

talking always
examination often
procedures sometimes

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13
Q

what happens always, often and sometimes in a consultation

A

talking always
examination often
procedures sometimes

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14
Q

what are the 3 techniques used in a consultation to gain information

A

open ended questions
listening and silence
facilitation

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15
Q

what are the 5 types of question

A

rrrrrr cold

Reflected 
Closed
Open 
Leading 
Direct
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16
Q

what 4 points are important in body language

A

culture
context
gesture clusters
congurence

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17
Q

what 4 points are important in body language

A

culture
context
gesture clusters
congruence

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18
Q

how can physiological factors effect health

A

either directly or indirectly via healthy behaviour

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19
Q

what is the leading cause of disease

A

behaviour at 50%

20% biology

20% environment

10% Access

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20
Q

what is self-efficacy

A

Belief in one’s own ability to organise and execute a course of action, and the expectation that the action will result in, or lead to, a desired outcome

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21
Q

what are some behavioural risk factors

A 
smoking 
obesitiy
poor diet 
lack of activity
drinking alcholo
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22
Q

what factors are determinants of health behaviour

A

back ground factors

stable factors

social factors

situational factors

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23
Q

why have different factors effecting health behaviours

A

for different targeting of behaviours for interventional strategies

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24
Q

what are the three broad types of individual diffrences

A

emotional dispositions

generalised expectancies

explanatory styples

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25
what does self efficacy underpin
goal setting effort investment persistence bounce back from setbacks
26
what are smart goals
``` specific measurable achievable realistic timely ```
27
what 3 parts make up the medical liscensing assessment
1. professional values and behaviours 2. professional skills 3. professional knowledge
28
what is the WHO definition of health
a sate of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not me
29
what are the five core concepts of social cognitive theory
Observational learning/modelling (people learn by observing others - learned behaviours) Outcome expectations Self-efficacy Goal setting Self-regulation
30
what are the 3 types of non verbal communication
instinctive learned - from life experience - from training clinical observation
31
what are stable factors
individual differences, dispositions and personality
32
what is locus of control
expectations of future out comes will be controlled by either yourself or external factors
33
what is generally associated with favourable out comes in relation to locus of control
internal loci
34
what are some examples of explanatory styles
optimism/pessimism attributional style
35
what are some examples of social cognition theories
health belief model theory of planned behaviour transtheoretical model
36
what are some of the NICE principles for intervention programmes aimed at populations
fiscal and legislative national/local mass media advertising campaigns, promotion of role models point of sale promotions
37
what are examples of background factors surrounding conceptual frame work
cultural norms, Gender, ethnicity, genes, chronic health status
38
what are examples of social factors surrounding conceptual frame work
perceived support - support from friends and family
39
what are examples of situations factors surrounding conceptual frame work
perceived risk, emotional response, intention, self-efficacy
40
what are the lay beliefs about being healthy
absence of disease physical fitness - younger people functional ability - older people
41
what is a hazard
something with the potential to cause harm
42
what is a risk
the likely hood of the harm occurring
43
what is susceptibility
influences the likelihood that something will cause harm
44
what are the broad ranges of hazards
``` Physical Chemical Mechanical Biological Psychosocial ```
45
what are the broad routes of exposure to hazards
skin blood/sexual Inhalation Ingestion
46
what are the 3 principles that govern the perception of risk
feeling in control size of the possible harm familiarity with the risk
47
what are the two subcategories of feeling in control of risk - give examples
involuntary risks - plane trip voluntary risks - car trip
48
what is true about the size of possible harm
the greater the possible harm the greater the perceived risk
49
what is true about familiarity with risks
Risks that are less familiar are perceived as being greater than more familiar risks
50
what is ethics
The body of moral principles or values governing or distinctive of a particular culture or group
51
what comprises ethics
principles values standards
52
what are the things that make up ethics and clinical decisions
duties - to the patient | four principles
53
what are the ''4 principles''
respect for autonomy non- malfeasance (do no harm) beneficence (do good) justice
54
what are the aims of a GP consultation
``` Initiating the Session Gathering Information Providing Structure Building Relationship Explanation and Planning Closing the Session ```
55
what is safety netting
This may be critical in a consultation and is one of Neighbour’s techniques for minimising risk. If uncertainty remains, that should be communicated to the patient.
56
where can you look for guidance
National Local Immediate Colleagues Peer group Reflection
57
what is hypothetic-deductive reasoning
sherlock Holmes-ing the shit out of things
58
who is Rodger neighbour
Roger Neighbour, a GP, has looked at the tasks of a consultation purely from a doctors point of view.
59
what did Rodger neighbour conclude
Connect with the patient summarise and Verbally Check that the reasons for attendance are clear Hand Over and bring the consultation to a close ensure that a Safety Net exists in that no serious possibilities have been missed deal with the Housekeeping of recovery and reflection.
60
what are the dimensions of diversity
``` age biological sex race gender ethnicity sexual orientation mental and physical characteristics ```
61
what is culture
the learned and shared values that guide thinking, behaviour, actions, emotional reactions
62
what 3 areas to consider when culture is related to health care
Misunderstandings in diagnosis or in treatment planning arising from differences in language or culture Poor patient adherence with treatments, and poor outcomes Health care disparities
63
what is cultural competence
the ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organizations and professionals to provide for diverse patient populations by The process of gaining depth of understanding of subject positions and cultures other than your own
64
how can cultural competence be gained
sensitive to language barriers consider body language consider factor like gender, wealth, sexual orientation
65
that are some of the impacts of cultural competence
More successful patient education Increases in patients health care seeking behaviour More appropriate testing and screening Greater adherence to medical advice
66
what is the learn model
listen to patient explain - understanding acknowledge - patient concerns recommend - treatment negotiate - with patient and beliefs
67
what is stress
when the real or perceived demands of a situation outweigh someone's actual or perceived physical and social resources available.
68
what two key phenomenon help with the prevention of illness
development of resilience development of attitudes towards health and illness
69
what factors may influence lay beliefs about health
age - old vs dad social class - economic and social gender - men vs women (women find health more interesting) culture - perception of illness and diseases
70
what actions could the government to take to stem a health epicdemic
``` health education tax on unhealthy legislation enforcement subsides transport - cycle lanes funding of NHS ```
71
what potential difficulties which may arise when consulting with a patient from a different culture
``` lack of NHS knowledge racism bias stereotyping language examination taboos gender difference not entitled to NHS care ```
72
what are the hazard categories
chemical physical mechanical biological physiological
73
what are examples of physical hazards
heat, noise radiation
74
what are examples of mechanical hazards
machine accidents, trips, slips and falls
75
what are examples of biological hazards
waste material | spread of infection
76
what are examples of psychological hazards
stress anxiety relationships threatened job security
77
what are 3 aspects of advice you may give to a patient when safety netting
adviser patient of illness/ recovery advise of symptoms of deterioration advise who to contact if patient deteriorates
78
what ways does neighbour suggest to minimise risk
Summarise and verbally check that reasons for attendance are clear Hand over (to patient) and bring the consultation to a close Deal with the housekeeping of recovery and reflection
79
what is meant by the term gatekeeper
The GP is the person who controls patients' access to specialist or secondary care
80
what are some advantages as having GPs as gate keepers
identify people who need secondary care patient advocacy patient doesn't know what speciality to go to GP acts as coordinator of care GP as patient educator
81
approximately what percentage of patients are admitted to hospital each month
3%
82
what are some examples of health care professions you may get involved in a patients care
``` physiotherapist pharmacies dietician counsellors practice nurse occupational therapist ```
83
what is health determined by
Where you are born Where you live How you are brought up Your life chances Your political voice Your family support
84
what is the SIMD
Scottish index of multiple deprivation
85
what 3 things effect access to healthcare
affordability accessibility acceptability
86
what factors are closely intertwined with healthcare
politics, economics
87
health is strongly influenced by
the wealth and equality of a nation political decision economic spend and control legislation

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