FOPC Flashcards

1
Q

Calgary Cambridge Model

A
  • initiating the session
  • gathering information
  • provide structure
  • building relationship
  • explanation and planning
  • closing the session
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2
Q

Neighbour’s method of minimising risk

A
  • summarising and verbally checking
  • safety netting and handling over
  • taking time for reflection and recovery
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3
Q

Definition of hazard

A

something that has the potential to cause harm

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4
Q

Definition of risk

A

likelihood of harm occurring

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5
Q

Definition of risk factor

A

something that increases the chance of harm

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6
Q

Definition of susceptibility

A

influences the likelihood that something will cause harm

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7
Q

Protective factor

A

decreases the risk of harm

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8
Q

Type of hazards

A
chemical - pesticides 
physical - ionising radiation 
biological - infectious agents 
mechanical 
psychological
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9
Q

Factors that influence the degree of risk

A

how much the person is exposed to. how the person is exposed. conditions of exposure

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10
Q

3 principles which govern risk

A

feeling in control, familiarity with risks, size of possible harm.

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11
Q

WHO definition of health

A

A state of complete mental, social and physical wellbeing, not just the absence of infirmity or disease.

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12
Q

Body language use

A

culture, context, cognitive and gesture clusters.

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13
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Age

A

Age - older people tend to see health more functionality whereas younger people see it more as fitness.

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14
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Gender

A

Gender - women tend to have social view of health.

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15
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Culture

A

Culture - Afro-Carribeans tend to see high blood pressure as normal

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16
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Social background

A

Social background- lower classes seem to see health as more functional, women of a higher class have a more multidimensional view

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17
Q

Activities which take place in a typical consultation

A

Gathering information
Examining the patient
Performing procedures

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18
Q

GMC 2006

6 things that you cannot discriminate against

A
Religion 
Colour 
Age 
Disability 
Ethnicity 
Gender 
Race 
Sex 
Economic status
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19
Q

Sources of support/guidance for doctors when dealing with risk and uncertainty

A
Colleagues 
National support 
Local support 
Peer groups 
Reflection 
Immediate guidance/protocol
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20
Q

Dahlgren and Whitehead- Determinants of health

A
Agriculture and food production 
Education 
Work environment 
Housing and working conditions 
Unemployment 
Water and sanitation 
Healthcare services 
Housing 

Age and sex
Hereditary factors

21
Q

Access to healthcare

A

Accessibility
Affordibility
Acceptibility

22
Q

Skills of a GP

A
Ability to relate to the public 
To seek help
Self reflect 
Recognise ones limitations
Problem solve 
Good communication and interpersonal skills 
Clinically competent
23
Q

Duty of Candour

A

Apologise to the patient and offer an appropriate remedy
Support to put matters right and explain the short term and long term effects of what has happened
Open and honest when something goes wrong

24
Q

How the government can tackle obesity

A
Health and education- diet and exercise 
Tax unhealthy 
Legislation on proper food labelling 
Enforce legislation 
Ban advertising of unhealthy foods 
Improve exercise/sports facilities 
Subsidise healthy food
25
Lifestyle choices covered in GP consultations
``` Alcholol Smoking Diet Exercise Sexual activity Drug use ```
26
5 environmental factors effecting health
``` Culture Location Income Time Social support ```
27
Questions during a consultation
Open questions- allow the patient to answer as much as possible Direct questions- questions directed at a specific answer Closed- yes or no answer Leading- should be avoided Reflective- allows relfection
28
When is a patient most likely to change their lifestyle
Positive response from peers Benefits outweigh disadvantages Social pressures forcing them to change New lifestyle will be consistent with new self image Can carry out the new behaviour in anumber of different situations
29
What type of reasoning is used in primary care?
Hypoithetico-deductive reasoning
30
Cultural competence as a continuum
Knowledge- understanding meaning of culture and is important to healthcare Attitudes- having respect for variations in cultural norms Skills- eliciting patient's explanatory models of illness
31
Cultural competence
Understanding of diverse attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, practices and communication factors attributable to a variety of factors Race, ethnicity, religion and social contact
32
Difficulties when dealing with another culture
``` Lack of knowledge of the NHS Fear and distrust Racism Bias and stereotyping Language barrier Examination taboos Presence of third party ```
33
IT used in a GP
``` Appointments Assists in consultations Support prescribing Manage hospital letters Blood test results Patient information easily accessed ```
34
Duties of a doctor registered with the GMC
Care of the patient is the first concern Treat each patient politely and considerably Respect patient's dignity and privacy Keep professional knowledge and skills up to date Respect and protect confidential info Avoid abusing yout position as a doctor Be honest and trustworthy
35
Strategies for managing risk and uncertainty
Develop a good doctor-patient relationship Consider each patient as an individual Use external evidence and respect internal evidence Apply reflective practice
36
Healthcare team
``` GP Practice nurse Physiotherapist Receptionist Dietitian Occupational therapist Therapist Pharmacist Physician associate ```
37
5 common exposure routes
Skin Ingestion Inhalation Sexual contact/blood
38
Why GPs can guide patients about their worries
Knowledge of the patient's past medical history Patient's social history A knowledge of a broad range of health conditions and illnesses Role in prevention as well as treatment Local more accessible
39
4 pillars of medical ethics
Non-maleficance- do no harm Beneficence- help the patient Autonomy- give patient all of the information needed to make an informed decision Justice- concerns distribution of scarce resources
40
NICE- GPs changing patients behaviour
Patients circumstances Develop and build individual skills Tailor interventions to tackle individual beliefs and attitudes associated with target behaviours
41
Styles of doctor/patient relationships
Authoritarian/paternalistic Guidance/co-operation Mutual participation relationship
42
Statistical abnormality
Based on a normal distribution curve/standard deviation
43
Cultural normality
Based on norms and values within a certain group or community- influenced by political and social norms
44
What is a gatekeeper
Person who controls patients access to specialist care
45
How does a GP act as a gatekeeper
Identify those in need of secondary care Advocates for the patient Can direct patient to correct specialty Increase the use of appropriate resources Act as a co-ordinator of care Provide patient education
46
Define the process of safety netting in consultations
Advise patient on expected course of illness/recovery Advise of symptoms which indicate deterioration Advise on who to contact if patient deteriorates
47
3 broad types of skills needed for successful medical interviewing
Content skills- what the doctor communicates Perceptual skills- picking up on how patients feel/think Process skills- how doctor communicates information
48
5 major characteristics of Positive ideas about health
``` Health as ideal state Physical and mental fitness Commodity Personal strength or ability Personal potential ```
49
Communicate strategies for cultural differences
Speak clearly and slowly without raising voice, avoid slang, jargon, humour idioisms Use Mrs, Miss, mr to avoid first names Avoid geatures and negative connotations Do not dismiss what patient thinks illness is from