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Primary Care > FOPC > Flashcards

FOPC Flashcards

1
Q

Calgary Cambridge Model

A
  • initiating the session
  • gathering information
  • provide structure
  • building relationship
  • explanation and planning
  • closing the session
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2
Q

Neighbour’s method of minimising risk

A
  • summarising and verbally checking
  • safety netting and handling over
  • taking time for reflection and recovery
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3
Q

Definition of hazard

A

something that has the potential to cause harm

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4
Q

Definition of risk

A

likelihood of harm occurring

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5
Q

Definition of risk factor

A

something that increases the chance of harm

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6
Q

Definition of susceptibility

A

influences the likelihood that something will cause harm

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7
Q

Protective factor

A

decreases the risk of harm

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8
Q

Type of hazards

A 
chemical - pesticides 
physical - ionising radiation 
biological - infectious agents 
mechanical 
psychological
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9
Q

Factors that influence the degree of risk

A

how much the person is exposed to. how the person is exposed. conditions of exposure

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10
Q

3 principles which govern risk

A

feeling in control, familiarity with risks, size of possible harm.

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11
Q

WHO definition of health

A

A state of complete mental, social and physical wellbeing, not just the absence of infirmity or disease.

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12
Q

Body language use

A

culture, context, cognitive and gesture clusters.

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13
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Age

A

Age - older people tend to see health more functionality whereas younger people see it more as fitness.

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14
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Gender

A

Gender - women tend to have social view of health.

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15
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Culture

A

Culture - Afro-Carribeans tend to see high blood pressure as normal

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16
Q

Lay beliefs about health - Social background

A

Social background- lower classes seem to see health as more functional, women of a higher class have a more multidimensional view

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17
Q

Activities which take place in a typical consultation

A

Gathering information
Examining the patient
Performing procedures

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18
Q

GMC 2006

6 things that you cannot discriminate against

A 
Religion 
Colour 
Age 
Disability 
Ethnicity 
Gender 
Race 
Sex 
Economic status
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19
Q

Sources of support/guidance for doctors when dealing with risk and uncertainty

A 
Colleagues 
National support 
Local support 
Peer groups 
Reflection 
Immediate guidance/protocol
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20
Q

Dahlgren and Whitehead- Determinants of health

A 
Agriculture and food production 
Education 
Work environment 
Housing and working conditions 
Unemployment 
Water and sanitation 
Healthcare services 
Housing

Age and sex
Hereditary factors

21
Q

Access to healthcare

A

Accessibility
Affordibility
Acceptibility

22
Q

Skills of a GP

A 
Ability to relate to the public 
To seek help
Self reflect 
Recognise ones limitations
Problem solve 
Good communication and interpersonal skills 
Clinically competent
23
Q

Duty of Candour

A

Apologise to the patient and offer an appropriate remedy
Support to put matters right and explain the short term and long term effects of what has happened
Open and honest when something goes wrong

24
Q

How the government can tackle obesity

A 
Health and education- diet and exercise 
Tax unhealthy 
Legislation on proper food labelling 
Enforce legislation 
Ban advertising of unhealthy foods 
Improve exercise/sports facilities 
Subsidise healthy food
25
Q

Lifestyle choices covered in GP consultations

A 
Alcholol 
Smoking 
Diet 
Exercise 
Sexual activity 
Drug use
26
Q

5 environmental factors effecting health

A 
Culture 
Location 
Income 
Time 
Social support
27
Q

Questions during a consultation

A

Open questions- allow the patient to answer as much as possible
Direct questions- questions directed at a specific answer
Closed- yes or no answer
Leading- should be avoided
Reflective- allows relfection

28
Q

When is a patient most likely to change their lifestyle

A

Positive response from peers
Benefits outweigh disadvantages
Social pressures forcing them to change
New lifestyle will be consistent with new self image
Can carry out the new behaviour in anumber of different situations

29
Q

What type of reasoning is used in primary care?

A

Hypoithetico-deductive reasoning

30
Q

Cultural competence as a continuum

A

Knowledge- understanding meaning of culture and is important to healthcare
Attitudes- having respect for variations in cultural norms
Skills- eliciting patient’s explanatory models of illness

31
Q

Cultural competence

A

Understanding of diverse attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, practices and communication factors attributable to a variety of factors
Race, ethnicity, religion and social contact

32
Q

Difficulties when dealing with another culture

A 
Lack of knowledge of the NHS 
Fear and distrust 
Racism 
Bias and stereotyping 
Language barrier 
Examination taboos 
Presence of third party
33
Q

IT used in a GP

A 
Appointments
Assists in consultations 
Support prescribing 
Manage hospital letters 
Blood test results 
Patient information easily accessed
34
Q

Duties of a doctor registered with the GMC

A

Care of the patient is the first concern
Treat each patient politely and considerably
Respect patient’s dignity and privacy
Keep professional knowledge and skills up to date
Respect and protect confidential info
Avoid abusing yout position as a doctor
Be honest and trustworthy

35
Q

Strategies for managing risk and uncertainty

A

Develop a good doctor-patient relationship
Consider each patient as an individual
Use external evidence and respect internal evidence
Apply reflective practice

36
Q

Healthcare team

A 
GP
Practice nurse 
Physiotherapist 
Receptionist 
Dietitian 
Occupational therapist 
Therapist 
Pharmacist 
Physician associate
37
Q

5 common exposure routes

A

Skin
Ingestion
Inhalation
Sexual contact/blood

38
Q

Why GPs can guide patients about their worries

A

Knowledge of the patient’s past medical history
Patient’s social history
A knowledge of a broad range of health conditions and illnesses
Role in prevention as well as treatment
Local more accessible

39
Q

4 pillars of medical ethics

A

Non-maleficance- do no harm
Beneficence- help the patient
Autonomy- give patient all of the information needed to make an informed decision
Justice- concerns distribution of scarce resources

40
Q

NICE- GPs changing patients behaviour

A

Patients circumstances
Develop and build individual skills
Tailor interventions to tackle individual beliefs and attitudes associated with target behaviours

41
Q

Styles of doctor/patient relationships

A

Authoritarian/paternalistic
Guidance/co-operation
Mutual participation relationship

42
Q

Statistical abnormality

A

Based on a normal distribution curve/standard deviation

43
Q

Cultural normality

A

Based on norms and values within a certain group or community- influenced by political and social norms

44
Q

What is a gatekeeper

A

Person who controls patients access to specialist care

45
Q

How does a GP act as a gatekeeper

A

Identify those in need of secondary care
Advocates for the patient
Can direct patient to correct specialty
Increase the use of appropriate resources
Act as a co-ordinator of care
Provide patient education

46
Q

Define the process of safety netting in consultations

A

Advise patient on expected course of illness/recovery
Advise of symptoms which indicate deterioration
Advise on who to contact if patient deteriorates

47
Q

3 broad types of skills needed for successful medical interviewing

A

Content skills- what the doctor communicates
Perceptual skills- picking up on how patients feel/think
Process skills- how doctor communicates information

48
Q

5 major characteristics of Positive ideas about health

A 
Health as ideal state 
Physical and mental fitness 
Commodity 
Personal strength or ability 
Personal potential
49
Q

Communicate strategies for cultural differences

A

Speak clearly and slowly without raising voice, avoid slang, jargon, humour idioisms
Use Mrs, Miss, mr to avoid first names
Avoid geatures and negative connotations
Do not dismiss what patient thinks illness is from

Primary Care (1 decks)

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