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KC (STEP Cards) > For My Love > Flashcards

For My Love Flashcards

1
Q

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

A

Abdominal pain, aseites, hepatomegaly

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2
Q

Clostridium

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use

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3
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia

A

Achilles’ tendon xanthoma

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4
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichen syndrome (meningococcemia)

A

Adrenal Hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

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5
Q

IgA deficiency

A

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

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6
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

A

Anterior “drawer sign”

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7
Q

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

A

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation (upward), aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

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8
Q

2 tonerythropoientin injection

A

Athlete with polycythemia

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9
Q

Pott Disease (vertebral TB)

A

Back Pain, fever, night sweats

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10
Q

Neurofibromatosis type 2

A

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas

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11
Q

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

A

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

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12
Q

Mucor or Rhizopus fungeal infection

A

Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis

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13
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

A

Blue sclera

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14
Q

Burton line (lead poisoning)

A

Bluish line on gingiva

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15
Q

Paget Disease of bone (osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

A

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

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16
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, diastolic heart murmur, head Bobbing

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17
Q

Systemic lupus erythemalosus

A

“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female

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18
Q

Neurofibromatosis type I

A

Cafe-si-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas

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19
Q

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-Protein signaling mutation)

A

Cafe-ah-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

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20
Q

Muscle dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)

A

Calf pseudohypertrophy

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21
Q

Kawasaki Disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)

A

Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunction and tongue, hand-foot changes

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22
Q

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Norman-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

A

“Cherry-red spots” on macula

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23
Q

Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable; with minimal exertion or at rest)

A

Chest pain on exertion

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24
Q

Dresser Syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2 weeks to several months after acute episode)

A

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

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25
Q

Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)

A

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature

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26
Q

Wilson Disease (Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper accumulation)

A

Golden Brown rings around peripheral cornea

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27
Q

Lesche-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)

A

Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

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28
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; raise in cancer risk, mainly GI)

A

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

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29
Q

Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

A

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, bone crises

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30
Q

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

A

hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

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31
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

A

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

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32
Q

UMN Damage

A

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

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33
Q

LMN Damage

A

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

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34
Q

Chronic bronchitis (hyperplasia of mucous cells, “blue bloater”)

A

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

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35
Q

Nonpainful chanbcre (1 degree syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)

A

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

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36
Q

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

A

infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

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37
Q

cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (gluicosse-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe)

A

infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly

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38
Q

Edwards Syndrome

A

Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect

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39
Q

Courvosier sign (distal malignant obstruction of biliary tree)

A

Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder

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40
Q

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)

A

Large rash with bull’s eye appearance

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41
Q

Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)

A

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

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42
Q

Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

A

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

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43
Q

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)

A

mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

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44
Q

Beck triad of cardiac tamponade

A

nuffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

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45
Q

Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)

A

multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tisue tumors, impacted/sup\ernmerary teeth

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46
Q

Pompe disease (lysomal ?-1, 4-glucosidase deficiency)

A

Mypopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance

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47
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brochial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip”)

A

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

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48
Q

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

A

severe jaundice in neonate

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49
Q

Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)

A

severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

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50
Q

Mcburney sign (acute appendicitis)

A

severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness

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51
Q

Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)

A

Short stature , café au lait spots, thumb/radial defects, raise incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

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52
Q

Down syndrome

A

Single palmar crease

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53
Q

Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

A

situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

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54
Q

1 degree adrenocortical insufficiency (eg, Addison disease) causes raised ACTH and raise ?-MSH production)

A

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

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55
Q

Becker muscular dystrophy (X-Linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)

A

slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

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56
Q

Koplik spots (measles [rubeola] virus)

A

small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center

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57
Q

Condylomata lata (2 degree syphilis)

A

smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals

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58
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

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59
Q

Scarlet fever

Kawasaki disease

A

“strawberry tongue”

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60
Q

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

A

streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horeshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

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61
Q

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

A

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

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62
Q

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

A

swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae

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63
Q

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden node])

A

swollen, hard, painful finger joints

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64
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

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65
Q

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)

A

Telangiectasis, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformation, GI bleeding, hematuria

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66
Q

MEN 2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation)

A

Thyroid and parathyrois tumors, pheochromocytoma

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67
Q

MEN 2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation)

A

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

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68
Q

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

A

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

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69
Q

LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the forehead

A

unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

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70
Q

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

A

urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male

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71
Q

Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

A

vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face

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72
Q

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)

A

vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations

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73
Q

Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)

A

weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

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74
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

“worst headache of my life”

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75
Q

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

A

Cariomegaly with apical atrophy

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76
Q

Rapidly progressive crescentic glamerulonephritis

A

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

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77
Q

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

A

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

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78
Q

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medullblastoma)

A

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

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79
Q

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene ->fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

A

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

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80
Q

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

A

Lower AFP in amniostic fluid/maternal serum

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81
Q

Tabes dorsalis (3 degree syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (doral columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

A

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

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82
Q

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypass AV nodes)

A

“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

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83
Q

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

A

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

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84
Q

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs

A

Desquamated epithelium casts sputum

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85
Q

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

A

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluids

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86
Q

koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

A

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

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87
Q

Pericardial tamponade

A

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

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88
Q

“Owl eye” appearance of CMV

A

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

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89
Q

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

A

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing

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90
Q

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

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91
Q

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

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92
Q

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

A

Eosinophilic globule in liver

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93
Q

Negri bodies of rabies

A

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebrellar neurons

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94
Q

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

A

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

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95
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

A

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

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96
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

A

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

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97
Q

B-thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

A

“Hair on end” (“Crew-cut”) appearance on x-ray

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98
Q

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

A

hCG elevated

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99
Q

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

A

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

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100
Q

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

A

Heterophile antibodies

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101
Q

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

A

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretion

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102
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

A

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

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103
Q

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

A

Psammoma bodies

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104
Q

Glioblastoma multiforme

A

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

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105
Q

Aggressive bone lesion (eg, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

A

Raised periosteum (creating a “Codman triangle”)

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106
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

RBC casts in urine

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107
Q

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

A

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

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108
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

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109
Q

Intrinsic renal failure (eg, ischemia or toxic injury)

A

Renal epithelial casts in urine

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110
Q

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals)

A

Rhomboid crystals, + birefringement

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111
Q

Coartation of the aorta

A

Rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)

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112
Q

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

A

Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

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113
Q

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “STARRY SKY” made up of malignant cells”

A

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tangible body-laden macrophanges (“starry sky” histology)

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114
Q

Pick bodies (pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

A

Silver-straining spherical aggregation of tau protein in neurons

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115
Q

Giant cell tumor of the bone (generally benign)

A

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

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116
Q

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)

A

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

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117
Q

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

A

stacks of RBCs

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118
Q

Croup (parainfluenza virus)

A

“steeple” sign on frontal CXR

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119
Q

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

A

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

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120
Q

Colon cancer

A

Streptococcus bovis bacteremia

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121
Q

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

A

“Tennis racket”- shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

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122
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

A

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

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123
Q

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

A

Thrombi made of white/red layers

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124
Q

Epiglottitis (Haemophilius influenza)

A

“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

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125
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)

A

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

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126
Q

Membranoproliferation glomerulonephritis

A

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomercular basement membranes on light microscopy

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127
Q

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

A

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

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128
Q

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

A

raise in uric acid levels

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129
Q

Antitoxin

A

Clostridium tetani

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130
Q

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

A

CMV

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131
Q

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

A

Crohn Disease

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132
Q

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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133
Q

Mesna

A

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

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134
Q

SSRIs (first-line)

A

Depression

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135
Q

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

A

Diabetes insipidus

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136
Q

Dietary intervention, (low carbohydrat) + insulin replacement

A

Diabetes mellitus 1

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137
Q

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemic, and insulin (if refractory)

A

Diabetes mellitus type 2

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138
Q

Fluids, insulin, K+

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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139
Q

Heparin

A

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

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140
Q

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

A

Enterococci

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141
Q

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

A

Erectile dysfunction

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142
Q

Tamoxifen

A

ER + breast cancer

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143
Q

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

A

Ethylene glycol/menthol intoxication

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144
Q

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

A

Haemophilus influenza (B)

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145
Q

SSRIs, SNRI’s (first line); buspirone (second line)

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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146
Q

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

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147
Q

Protamine sulfate

A

Heparin reversal

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148
Q

Trastuzumab

A

HER2/neu + breast cancer

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149
Q

Spironolactone

A

Hyperaldosternism

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150
Q

Statin (first line)

A

Hypercholesteremia

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151
Q

Fibrate

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

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152
Q

Heparin

A

Immediate anticoagulation

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153
Q

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

A

Infertility

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154
Q

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

A

Influenza

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155
Q

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

A

Kawasaki disease

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156
Q

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

A

Legionella pneumophila

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157
Q

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

A

Long-term anticoagulation

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158
Q

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

A

Malaria

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159
Q

Dantrolene

A

Malignant hyperthermia

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160
Q

Mifepristone

A

Medical abortion

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161
Q

Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

A

Migraine

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162
Q

Penicillin

A

Treponema pallidum

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163
Q

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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164
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic doutoureux)

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165
Q

5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

A

Ulcerative colitis

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166
Q

TMP-SMX

A

UTI prophylaxis

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167
Q

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

A

Warfarin reversal

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168
Q

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

A

Actinic (solar) keratosis

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169
Q

Cushing ulcer ( raise in intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

A

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

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170
Q

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

A

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

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171
Q

ALL; child, CLL; adult > 60, AML; ~65, cml; ADULT 45-85

A

Age ranges of transmural inflammation and normal colon

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172
Q

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

A

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

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173
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

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174
Q

3 degree syphilis (syphilis aortic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

A

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

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175
Q

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

A

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

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176
Q

Hypertension

A

Aortic dissection

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177
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy )thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

A

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

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178
Q

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

A

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

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179
Q

H pylori

A

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)

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180
Q

S pneumoniate

A

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

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181
Q

Group B streptococcus/E coli/Listeria monocytogenes (newborns), S pneumonia/ N meningitides (kids/teens)

A

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

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182
Q

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

A

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

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183
Q

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

A

Bleeding disorder with Gplb deficiency

184
Q

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma

A

Brain tumor (adults)

185
Q

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

A

brain tumor (kids)

186
Q

Invasive ductal carcinoma

A

beast cancer

187
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Helminth infection (US)

188
Q

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

A

Hemaatoma- epidural

189
Q

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, “bronze diabetes,” and raise risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

A

Hemochromatosis

190
Q

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

191
Q

von Willebrand disease

A

Hereditary bleeding disorder

192
Q

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

A

Hereditary harmless jaundice

193
Q

Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)

A

HLA-B27

194
Q

Diabetes Mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis (also associated with HLA-DR5), Addison disease

A

HLA-DR3

195
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease

A

HLA-DR4

196
Q

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

A

Holosystolic murmur

197
Q

Virchow triad (raise in risk of thrombosis)

A

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

198
Q

Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg, polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy)

A

Hypertension, 2degrees

199
Q

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

A

Hypoparathyroidism

200
Q

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

A

Hypopituitarism

201
Q

Hepatitis C

A

Infection 2 degree to blood transfusion

202
Q

S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase n+)

A

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

203
Q

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

A

Intellectual disability

204
Q

Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S saprophyticus)
Uric acid = radiolucent
Cystine = radiolucent

A

Kidney stones

205
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia

A

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

206
Q

Alcoholic cirrhosis

A

Liver disease

207
Q

Gaucher disease

A

Lysosomal storage disease

208
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

209
Q

Leukemia, brain tumors

A

Malignancy (kids)

210
Q

Prostate, breast > lung, thyroid, kidney

A

Metastases to bone

211
Q

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

A

Hematoma- subdural

212
Q

Renal cell carcinoma; associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

A

Renal Tumor

213
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

214
Q

raise ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles

A

S3 heart sound

215
Q

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

A

S4 heart sound

216
Q

Hypcalcemia of chronic kidney disease

A

2 degree hyperparathyroidism

217
Q

C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoease)

A

Sexually transmitted disease

218
Q

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

A

SIADH

219
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

site of diverticula

220
Q

Abdominal aorta >coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

A

sites of atherosclerosis

221
Q

Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti- apoptotic oncogene)

A

t(14;18)

222
Q

Burkitt lymphomas (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

A

t(8;14)

223
Q

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)

A

t(9;22)

224
Q

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Temporal arteritis

225
Q

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), raise in placental ALP

A

Testicular tumor

226
Q

Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)

A

Thyroid cancer

227
Q

Leioyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

A

Tumor in women

228
Q

Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood

A

Tumor of infancy

229
Q

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

A

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

230
Q

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

A

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

231
Q

Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

A

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

232
Q

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

A

Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

233
Q

E Coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

A

UTI

234
Q

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or women)

A

Vertebral compression fracture

235
Q

HSV-1

A

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

236
Q

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4- month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

A

Vitamin deficiency (USA)

237
Q

Unstable angina (- troponins) or NSTEMI (+ troponins)

A

Chest Pain with ST depressions on EKG

238
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Gowers sign)

A

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

239
Q

Erythema infectiosum/ fifth disease (“slapped cheeks” appearance, caused by parvovirus B19)

A

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

240
Q

Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

A

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

241
Q

Congenital toxoplasmoisis

A

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

242
Q

McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorlayse deficiency)

A

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

243
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Cold intolerance

244
Q

Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)

A

Conjugated horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

245
Q

PDA (close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs)

A

Continuos “machine-like” heart murmur

246
Q

Myxedema n(caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])

A

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue depositioin

247
Q

Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, raise 5-HIAA)

A

Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, brochospasm

248
Q

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

A

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

249
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (Kussmaul respirations)

A

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

250
Q

Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

A

Dermatitis, demntia, diarrhea

251
Q

Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

252
Q

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation of exocrine glands)

A

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

253
Q

Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

A

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

254
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

A

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

255
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype of ED)

A

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, raises bleeding tendency

256
Q

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

A

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

257
Q

Meniere disease

A

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

258
Q

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

A

Erythrodema, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

259
Q

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

A

facial muscle spasm upon tapping

260
Q

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

A

Fat, female, forty, and fertile

261
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin-like release)

A

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

262
Q

Measles

A

Fever, couch, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

263
Q

B symptoms of lymphoma

A

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

264
Q

Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)

A

no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

265
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia

266
Q

Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia cause by Mycoplasma pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, CLL)

A

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

267
Q

Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)

A

Painful fingers/toes changing color from white to blue to red with cold stress

268
Q

Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

A

painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

269
Q

Janeway-lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/ microabscesses

A

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

270
Q

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

A

Painless jaundice

271
Q

Henoch- Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidney)

A

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

272
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (> 3.5g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

273
Q

Emphysema (“Pink puffer”, centriacinar [smoking] or panacinar [x1- antitrypsin deficiency])

A

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

274
Q

Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of proximal convoluted tubule)

A

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

275
Q

Lichen planus

A

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

276
Q

Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

A

Ptsosis, miosis, anhidrosis

277
Q

Neurosyphilis (Argyll Robertson pupil)

A

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

278
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype

A

Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection

279
Q

Coxsackie A, 2 degree syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Rash on palms and soles

280
Q

Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

A

Recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

281
Q

Klebsiella pneumonaise pneumonia

A

Red “current jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

282
Q

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (children)

A

Red “current jelly” stools

283
Q

Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)

A

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

284
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

A

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

285
Q

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

A

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

286
Q

Parkinson Disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)

A

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait

287
Q

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

A

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

288
Q

MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)

A

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

289
Q

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (open neural tube defects)

A

raise AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

290
Q

Scleroderma (CREST)

A

Anticentromere antibodies

291
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

A

Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies

292
Q

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

A

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

293
Q

Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

A

Antihistone antibodies

294
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

A

Anti-IgG antibodies

295
Q

1 degree biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

A

Antimitiochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

296
Q

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA); primary sclerosing cholangitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)

A

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

297
Q

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

A

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

298
Q

Idiopathtic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Antiplatelet antibodies

299
Q

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

A

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

300
Q

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

A

Anti-transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

301
Q

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

A

“Apple core” lesion on branium enema x-ray

302
Q

EBV

A

Atypical lymphocytes

303
Q

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

A

Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

304
Q

Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactia (group B)

A

Bacitracin response

305
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)

A

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

306
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

A

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

307
Q

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

A

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

308
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

309
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

A

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

310
Q

Actinomyces israelii

A

Branching gram = rods with sulfur granules

311
Q

Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

A

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

312
Q

Hyperthyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

A

“Brown” tumor of bone

313
Q

DVT, PE DIC

A

High level of D-dimer

314
Q

Ghon complex (1 degree TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

A

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

315
Q

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

316
Q

Tousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

A

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

317
Q

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic syndromes, folate deficiency: no neurological symptoms

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils

318
Q

1 degree hyperaldosteronism ( Conn syndrome)

A

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

319
Q

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

A

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

320
Q

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

A

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

321
Q

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: raise chance of lung cancer)

A

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

322
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

323
Q

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

A

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

324
Q

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

A

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

325
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

326
Q

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

A

Low serum ceruloplasmin

327
Q

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)

A

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

328
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Lytic (“punched-out”) bone lesions on x-ray

329
Q

Fibrocystic change of the breast

A

Mammary Gland (“blue domed”) cyst

330
Q 
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis
A

Monoclonal antibody spike

331
Q

“Signet ring” (gastric carcinoma)

A

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

332
Q

“String sign” (Crohn disease)

A

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

333
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

A

Necrotizing vasulitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

334
Q

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

A

Needle-shaped, (-) birefringent crystals

335
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

A

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

336
Q

Sensitive: S epidermidis; resistant: S saprophyticus

A

Novobiocin response

337
Q

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome

A

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

338
Q

Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

A

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

339
Q

Sensitive: S pneumonia; resist: viridans streptococci (S mutans, S sanguis)

A

Optochin sensitivity

340
Q

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

A

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

341
Q

Chronic end-stage renal disease

A

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

342
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A

WBC casts in urine

343
Q

CLL (almost always B cell)

A

WBCs that look “smudged”

344
Q

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)

A

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

345
Q

Xanthochromia (eg, due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

A

Yellowish CSF

346
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Absence seizures

347
Q

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

A

Acute gout attack

348
Q

All-trans retinoic acid

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

349
Q

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, chlonidine

A

ADHD

350
Q

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

A

Alcoholism

351
Q

Long-acting benzodiazepines

A

Alcohol withdrawal

352
Q

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

A

Anorexia

353
Q

Class IB antiarrythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

A

Arrythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

354
Q

a1-antagonists, 5a-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

355
Q

Mood stabalizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

A

Bipolar disorder

356
Q

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

A

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

357
Q

Smoking cessation

A

Buerger disease

358
Q

SSRIs

A

Bulimia nervosa

359
Q

Topic azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, casofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

A

Candida albicans

360
Q

Octreotide

A

Carcinoid syndrome

361
Q

Doxycycline ( + ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (conjunctivitis prophylaxis in infants)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

362
Q

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; probenecid

A

Chronic Gout

363
Q

IFN-a (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofobuvir (HCV)

A

Chronic Hepatitis B or C

364
Q

Imatinib

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

365
Q

Antitoxin

A

Clostridium botulinum

366
Q

Oral metronidazole; if refractory; oral vancomycin

A

Clostridium difficile

367
Q

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, B-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

A

Multiple Sclerosis

368
Q

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

A

Myobacterium tuberculosis

369
Q

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

370
Q

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

A

Neisseria meningitidis

371
Q

Prenatal folic acid

A

Neural tube defect prevention

372
Q

Vatamin D supplement

A

Osteomalacia/ rickets

373
Q

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

A

Osteoporosis

374
Q

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

375
Q

a-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)

A

Pheochromocytoma

376
Q

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients)

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

377
Q

Cabergoline/ bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

A

Prolactinoma

378
Q

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

A

Proststate adenocarcinoma

379
Q

Flutamide

A

prostate adenocarcinoma

380
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

381
Q

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

A

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

382
Q

Doxyxycline, chloramphenicol

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

383
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

384
Q

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

A

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

385
Q

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/ tolvaptan, demeclocycline

A

SIADHH

386
Q

Hydroxyurea (raise fetal hemoglobin)

A

Sickle cell disease

387
Q

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

A

Sporothrix schenckii

388
Q

Sublingual nitroglycerin

A

Stable angina

389
Q

MSSA: nafacillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

A

Staphylococcus aureus

390
Q

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus bovis

391
Q

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

392
Q

Penicillin prophylaxis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

393
Q

High-dose steroids

A

Temporal arteritis

394
Q

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

A

Tonic-clonic seizures

395
Q

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

A

Toxoplasma gondii

396
Q

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

A

Breast mass

397
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Breast tumor (benign, young women)

398
Q

Rhabroadenoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

A

Cardiac 1 degree tumor (kids)

399
Q

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

A

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

400
Q

Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball valve”)

A

Cardiac tumor (adults)

401
Q

Chiari I malformation

A

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

402
Q

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

A

Chronic arrhythmia

403
Q

Predispotion to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

A

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

404
Q

DES exposure in utero

A

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

405
Q

21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

406
Q

VSD

A

Congenital cardiac anomaly

407
Q

Dubin-johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

A

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

408
Q

TB (developing world); idiopathic viral illness (developed world)

A

Constrictive pericarditis

409
Q

Iodine deficit/congenitalhypothyroidism

A

Cretinism

410
Q

Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

A

Cushing syndrome

411
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

A

Cyanosis (early; less common)

412
Q

Blast crisis

A

Death in CML

413
Q

Lupus nephropathy

A

Death in SLE

414
Q

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)

A

Dementia

415
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Demyelinating disease in young women

416
Q

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL

A

DIC

417
Q

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

A

Diverticulum in pharynx

418
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Ejection click

419
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide0; adenocarcinoma (US)

A

Esophageal cancer

420
Q

S aureus, B cereus

A

Food poisoning

421
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Gastric cancer

422
Q

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

A

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

423
Q

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

A

Gynecologic malignancy

424
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Heart murmur, congenital

425
Q

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

A

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

426
Q

Lung > breast . prostate > melanoma > GI

A

Metastases to brain

427
Q

Colon&raquo_space; stomach > pancreas

A

Metastases to liver

428
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Microcytic anemia

429
Q

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

A

Mitochondrial inheritance

430
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Mitral valve stenosis

431
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

432
Q

Coxsackie B

A

Myocarditis

433
Q

Membranous nephropathy

A

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

434
Q

Minimal change disease

A

Nephrotic syndrome (kids0

435
Q

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and insomnia)

A

Neuron migration failure

436
Q

S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram (-) rods

A

Nosocomial pneumonia

437
Q

BPH

A

Obstruction of male urinary tract

438
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

Opening snap

439
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

A

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

440
Q

S aureus (most common overall)

A

Osteomylitis

441
Q

Salmonella

A

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

442
Q

Pseudomonas, candida, S aureus

A

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

443
Q

Serous cystadenoma

A

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

444
Q

Serus cystadenocarcinoma

A

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

445
Q

Gallstones, alcohol

A

Pancreatitis (acute)

446
Q

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

A

Pancreatitis (chronic)

447
Q

C trachomatis, N gonorrheae

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

448
Q

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

A

Philadelphia Chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)

449
Q

Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

A

Pituitary tumor

450
Q

Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)

A

1 degree amenorrhea

451
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

1 degree bone tumor (adults)

452
Q

Adrenal hyperplasia or adenoma

A

1 degree hyperaldosteronism

453
Q

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

A

1 degree hyperparathyroidism

454
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)

A

1 degree liver cancer

455
Q

Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung disease (COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)

A

Pulmonary hypertension

456
Q

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tabacco)

A

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

457
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1

A

Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

KC (STEP Cards) (1 decks)

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