FOR secularisation

Question 1

points

Answer 1

rationalisation
structural differentiation
social cultural diversity
religious diversity
AO3- against sec/ religion changing

Question 2

rationalisation

Answer 2

weber- process where religious ways of thinking replaced by logical evidence based reasoning
protestant reformation, broke away from catholicism, catholics believe in miracles, prots dont
light flickers + faulty electrics not god
Weber- disenchantment
Bruce technological worldview, science and tech replaced religious/supernatural exps
eg plane black box
caused sec- ppl now turn to science logic and technology for answers not the church

Question 3

rationalisation AO3

Answer 3

resacrilisation&re-enchantment- traditional religion is being renewed

Question 4

religious diversity

Answer 4

plausibility of beliefs undermined by option for alternatives
middle ages, catholic church held absolute monopoly of truth, no competition, everyone lived under single sacred canopy increased plausibility as no challengers and went unquestioned
since prot reform, no. and variety of religion continued to grow, diff versions of the truth so no church can claim an unchallenged monopoly of truth
BERGER- crisis of credibility, diversity undermines religions plausibility structure
alt versions mean more ppl more likely to question all of them, erodes absolute certainties of trad religion,
too many options=opt out all together
religious beliefs now relative rather than absolute

Question 5

religious diversity AO3

Answer 5

religious market theory- Stark and Bainbridge- this competition is good for religion, churches operate like a company, selling goods in a market, more competition increases standards, demand for religion increases as people can choose religion that fits their needs, would argue that secularisation is only happening in traditional religions, not all

Question 6

structural differentiation

Answer 6

PARSONS- process of specialisation that occurs with development of industrial society
specialist institutions develop and take over jobs previously carried out by church
SD leads to disengagement of religion from the running of society
lost influence previously had over education, social welfare and law, eg NHS now cares for the sick, rather than people turning to church for healing
BRUCE agrees, religion separated from society and become privatised
even where religion continues to influence social welfare and education, it must conform to requirements of secular state
eg faith school teachers must have recognised qualifications

Question 7

structural differentiation AO3

Answer 7

cultural defence& transition- still used and functions for many in society to ease transitions from other cultures, remains a constant in a new and changing environment

Question 8

social cultural diversity

Answer 8

diversity of occupations, lifestyle and cultures undermines religion
WILSON- preindustrial soc, local communities held rituals that expressed shared values, industrialisation destroys these stable communities and so religions base
BRUCE- industrialisation creates large, impersonal, loose knit urban communities with diverse beliefs, lifestyles and values
diversity undermines believability and authenticity of religion
rise of individualism creates decline in community based religious beliefs and practice

Question 9

social and cultural diversity AO3

Answer 9

sheilaism