For test 1.

Question 1

cognitive processes

Answer 1

thought processes, , how the mind works.

Question 2

PAMPR

Answer 2

perception, attention, memory, problem solving, reasoning

Question 3

Theory

Answer 3

an explanation for a psychological phenomenon. can be used to make predictions about human behaviour.

Question 4

Self-efficacy

Answer 4

one’s own belief as to whether one will succeed in something based on previous experiences.

Question 5

What makes a good theory?

Answer 5

Testable, can prove it wrong.

Question 6

Unfalsifiable

Answer 6

not possible to test the validity of the theory.

Question 7

Empirical evidence

Answer 7

Information acquired by observations or experimentation.

Question 8

TEACUP

Answer 8

testable, empirical support, application, , concepts are well defined, unbiased, predicts behavior.

Question 9

aim

Answer 9

purpose of the study

Question 10

population

Answer 10

the group of people that we are interested in studying

Question 11

procedure

Answer 11

step by step process used to carry out the study

Question 12

results

Answer 12

can be numerical or descriptive

Question 13

findings

Answer 13

is how the researcher interpreted the data that was collected

Question 14

Participants

Answer 14

those who take part in the study

Question 15

target population

Answer 15

a specific group of people u are interested in for your study

Question 16

sample

Answer 16

participants who are chosen from the target population

Question 17

representative sample

Answer 17

a sample that is representative of the target population

Question 18

population validity

Answer 18

if you can generalize the findings from your sample to the population. larger group, better p.v

Question 19

opportunity/convenience sampling

- cons

Answer 19

a group that already exists. may be biased, problematic to generalize

Question 20

haphazard sampling

Answer 20

neither random nor systematic. very biased, should be avoided

Question 21

self selected/volunteer

+ -

Answer 21

made up of volunteers. easy to obtain, highly motivated. rarely reflect the general population

Question 22

snowball sampling

Answer 22

when participants recruit other participants such as friends or family. saves time, establishes trust with the researcher. may not be highly representative

Question 23

random sampling

Answer 23

representative sample. every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected. easier to generalize, may contain all characteristics,

Question 24

generalization

Answer 24

behaviours observed in the sample are assumed to be representative of those in the larger population.

Question 25

stratified sample

Answer 25

the sample matches the make up of the population.

Question 26

sampling bias

Answer 26

when some members of the population are less likely to be included.

Question 27

participant variables

Answer 27

differing individual characteristics that may impact how a participant responds in an experiment.

Question 28

ethics

Answer 28

correct rules of conduct necessary when conducting research.

Question 29

protection from undue stress/harm

Answer 29

no harm is done to p, no humiliation, nothing that affects their health.

Question 30

informed consent

Answer 30

nature of the study & agree to participate. what rights they have, right to withdraw, any potential issues

Question 31

deception

Answer 31

misinformation/not telling the participant the complete goal of the study. justified

Question 32

debriefing

Answer 32

true aim and purpose must be revealed

Question 33

labatory setting

Answer 33

controlled

Question 34

field study.

Answer 34

natural

Question 35

retrospective

Answer 35

asking p about past behaviour

Question 36

prospective

Answer 36

measures a vaiable at the beginning of a study and then watched the effect over time

Question 37

longitudal

Answer 37

repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time.

Question 38

cross sectional

Answer 38

r analyzes data collected from a population at a specific point in time

Question 39

application

Answer 39

how a theory or empirical study is used

Question 40

validity

Answer 40

if the research does what ti claims to do. 2 types

Question 41

internal validity

Answer 41

how well the exp is done, if it avoids the influence of extraneous variables

Question 42

extrenal validity

Answer 42

the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and people.

Question 43

population validty

Answer 43

type of external validity describes how well the sample can be generalized tot he population as a whole

Question 44

ecological validity

Answer 44

generalized to real-life settings

Question 45

mundane realism

Answer 45

representativeness of the testing situation. level to which the situation represents real life situations.

Question 46

reliability

Answer 46

the results can be replicated.

Question 47

repeated measures design

Answer 47

you have one sample of participants that receives each condition of an experiment.

Question 48

concurrently

Answer 48

at the same time

Question 49

strength of repeated measures

Answer 49

participant variables, the p is only compared to themselves. fewer p needed.

Question 50

Order effects

Answer 50

boredom, fatigue, practice effect. limitation at r.m.d

Question 51

counter balancing

Answer 51

a way to control order effects, one group starts with A then B, another does the opposite.

Question 52

demand characteristics

Answer 52

expectancy effect, screw u effect. a limitation to r.m.d

Question 53

confounding variables

Answer 53

extraneous variables that lower the internal validity of the experiment.

Question 54

Independent samples design

Answer 54

members of the sample are randomly allocated to one condition of the experiment.

Question 55

strength of I.SD

Answer 55

order effects are controlled, demand c are less likely, same materials can be used.

Question 56

limitation of I.S.D

Answer 56

participant variables may influence, more participants are required.

Question 57

matched pair designs

Answer 57

type of independent design, but p are not randomly allocated. they are pre tested on the variable, each condition has the full range.

Question 58

method triangulation

Answer 58

combining different research methods in a study

Question 59

qualitative

Answer 59

Qualitative research methods produce descriptive data that is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations for an individual or group's behaviour.

Question 60

hypothesis

Answer 60

a claim often derived from a theory